Starting with the structures below, complete the condensed structures of two soa
ID: 951146 • Letter: S
Question
Starting with the structures below, complete the condensed structures of two soap molecules: A saturated soap molecule with a total of 12 carbons. An unsaturated soap molecule with a total of 14 carbons. Which of the two soap molecules is more likely to be produced from an oil than from a fat? Explain. Classify the reactants of the saponification reaction as either polar or nonpolar. mixture of triglycerides (fat or oil) an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide How does the polarity of ethanol compare to those of the reactants above?Explanation / Answer
1.
a) A saturated soap molecule with a total number of 12 carbons: CH3 (CH2)10COO-
b) An unsaturated soap molecule with a total number of 14 carbons:
-OOC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH = CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
2. unsaturated soap molecule is more likely to be produced from an oil than from a fat.Because intermolecular forces are weak in the unsaturated fats due to presence of double bond.
A triglyceride is called a fat if it is a solid at 25°C and it is called an oil if it is a liquid at that temperature. For the same number of carbon atoms, unsaturated fats have slightly lower intermolecular forces because the C=C double bond produces a kink in the carbon chain and they can't pack as closely together as the saturated molecules.Therefore,unsaturated fats hace a lower melting point and hence they exist in liquid state at room temperature.
3. a) mixture of triglycerides is non polar.
b) an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is polar.
4) ethanol is less polar than sodium hydroxide because NaOH has charged ions (Na+ and OH-) and hence it has strong electrostatic force (or ionic bond). while ethanol has polarity due to presence of hydroxyl group.
Ethanol is more polar than glycerides because glycerides have large carbon chains in addtion to the COOH groups.
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