Thinking about macromolecules and how their monomers come together to form the p

Question

Thinking about macromolecules and how their monomers come together to form the polymer match the following. A. glycosidic bonds B. phosphodiester C. ester bonds D. peptide bonds E. monosaccharaides F. amino acids G. nucleotides

1. Monomeric units of protein

2. Monomeric units of DNA

3. Monomeric units of carbohydrates

4. Monomeric units of a lipid

5. Proteins are held together by

6. The bond type that joins adjacent monomers in DNA and RNA

7. Carbohydrates like glycogen are formed by the bonding glucose molecules together via

8. The glycerol backbone of a lipid is bonded to the fatty acid tails by

9. These monomers have a amino group on one end and a carboxylic acid on the other.

10. 1-4 and 1-4 are two different types of this bond.

Explanation / Answer

1. Monomeric units of protein – amino acid

2. Monomeric units of DNA – neucleotide

3. Monomeric units of carbohydrates – monosaccharaides

4. Monomeric units of a lipid – glycerol and fatty acids

5. Proteins are held together by – peptide bond

6. The bond type that joins adjacent monomers in DNA and RNA – phosphodiester bond

7. Carbohydrates like glycogen are formed by the bonding glucose molecules together via - glycosidic bonds

8. The glycerol backbone of a lipid is bonded to the fatty acid tails by - ester bonds

9. These monomers have a amino group on one end and a carboxylic acid on the other – amino acid molecule.

10. 1-4 and 1-4 are two different types of this bond – glycosidic bond

Ester Bond - Ester linkage is between a carboxylic acid (consisting of a carbon, an oxygen, an OH group, and a hydrocarbon) and an alcohol group, this process also forms a water molecule. For example -Triglyceride lipids are composed of three ester linkages and are an extremely important biological molecule.

Polypeptide bond - A peptide bond is a covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive amino acid monomers. This bond is formed between carboxyl group of one molecule and the amino group of the other molecule, along with releasing a molecule of water (H2O). This type of bond has seen in protein chain.

Glycosidic bond – Glycosidic bond are a type of covalent bond that formed between a sugar molecule, or carbohydrate, and -OR group. In biology, glycosidic bonds are commonly seen in carbohydrate molecules, such as simple sugars and complex starches.

There are are two types of glycosidic bonds - 1,4 alpha and 1,4 beta glycosidic bonds. 1,4 alpha glycosidic bonds are formed when the OH on the carbon-1 is below the glucose ring; while 1,4 beta glycosidic bonds are formed when the OH is above the plane.

Phosphodiester bond - In DNA and RNA, the phosphodiester bond is the linkage between the 3' carbon atom of one sugar molecule and the 5' carbon atom of another, deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA.

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