Nervous System 1-Can you explain the general hierarchy of cortical processing? W

Question

Nervous System

1-Can you explain the general hierarchy of cortical processing? Where is the precentral gyrus? What is its function? What is the postcentral gyrus? What is its function?

2-What is an association cortex? What are the three different association cortices? What are their respective functions?

3-Language is a function primarily of which side of the brain? What are the five steps of language processing in the brain? Which area of the brain is mostly involved with syntax? Semantics? What are the symptoms of Broca’s aphasia? Wernicke’s aphasia? What other health issue typically results in the development of these conditions?

4-What is dyslexia? What are the symptoms of the disorder? How does a dyslexic brain structurally and functionally differ from a normal brain?

Explanation / Answer

1. Precentral gyrus : The frontal lobe extends from the frontal pole to the central sulcus. Its posteriormost gyrus is the precentral gyrus .

Function : It is the primary motor area.

Postcentral gyrus : The parietal lobe is interposed between the frontal and occipital lobes and is situated above the temporal lobe. On its lateral aspect, its anteroirmost gyrus is the postcentral gyrus.

Function : It is the primary somesthetic area.

3. Language function is lateralized, with left hemisphere being dominant in 90% of people and right hemisphere in 7.5%.

Syntax is mostly found in the Broca's area of the brain and semantics in the temporal lobe.

Symptoms of Broca's aphasia : renders speech labored

lack fluency

inability to express thoughts in writing

Symptoms of Weirnicke's aphasia : deficit in auditory comprehension

cannot monitor their own speech

4. Dyslexia : It is the difficulty in reading, writing and spelling in educated people who has no apparent sensory deficit.

Symptoms : impaired ability to process fast visual stimuli,

impaired cerebellar motor function,

difficulty in decomposing speech into its constituent phonemes.

a ) magnocellular deficit : magnocellular cells of medial geniculate nucleus are smaller than the normal which impairs the detection of amplitude and frequency of sound.

b) cerebellar deficit : reduced activation of cerebellum during a motor learning task.

c) phonological deficit : histological abnormalities in the left temporal cortex is found in dyslexics along with inactivation of insula. They also have lower activity in parieto-temporal region than normal readers and increased activity in Broca's area found mainly in older people.

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