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a) Explain in bullet points how to prepare the dilution series. c) Calculate the

ID: 913672 • Letter: A

Question

a) Explain in bullet points how to prepare the dilution series.

c) Calculate the mass % of copper in the alloy.

d) If the cuvette used to measure the dissolved sample had finger smudges, how would the calculated mass % of copper be affected? Explain

f) Describe another lab technique that could be used to determine the mass % of Ag in the sample.

g) H+ + Ag(s) + HNO3 --> Ag+1 + NO2 + H2O ;

2H+ + Cu(s) + 2HNO3 --> Cu+2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O

The 2 equations are for the dissolution of Ag and Cu. What assumption could the student make about the sample to insure that excess 16 M HNO3 is used to dissolve the alloy sample?

Explanation / Answer

a) To prepare dilution series starting with 0.1 M Cu(NO3)2

For 100 ml of 0.02 M solution,

M1V1 = M2V2

0.1 x V1 = 0.02 x 100

volume of 0.1 M solution taken V1 = 20 ml and diluted to 100 ml

For 100 ml of 0.04 M solution,

M1V1 = M2V2

0.1 x V1 = 0.04 x 100

volume of 0.1 M solution taken V1 = 40 ml and diluted to 100 ml

For 100 ml of 0.06 M solution,

M1V1 = M2V2

0.1 x V1 = 0.06 x 100

volume of 0.1 M solution taken V1 = 60 ml and diluted to 100 ml

For 100 ml of 0.08 M solution,

M1V1 = M2V2

0.1 x V1 = 0.08 x 100

volume of 0.1 M solution taken V1 = 80 ml and diluted to 100 ml

c) mass% of Cu in the alloy

A1/A2 = C1/C2

0.16/0.23 = 0.02/x

x = 0.029

mass % of Cu in sample = 2.87 %

d) If the cuvetter had finger smudges, the mass % of copper would be lower than actual values.

f) Ag in the sample can be determines by precipitation as AgCl.

AgNO3 + Cl- ---> AgCl + NO3-

The assumptions a student has to mkae is that the alloy only consists of Ag and Cu and all of it reacts with HNO3.