Describe the solubility test that could be used to distinguish between the follo

Question

Describe the solubility test that could be used to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds, and explain the outcome for each compound. Only use one reagent per compound pair: Explain the following: Benzene is more soluble in ether than in water. Tripropylamine [(CH3CH2CH2)3N] is more soluble in 5% hydrochloric acid than in water. To what solubility group would you expect each of the following substances to belong? Explain each answer briefly. Ethylene glycol [HOCH2CH2OH) 2-pentene Ammonium benzoate [C6H5COO-NH4+) n-Heptane Caproic acid [C6H13COOH] Octyl amine [CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2]

Explanation / Answer

a. Concentrated H2SO4/HCl can be used to differentiate them. Ethers form oxonium ion with acid which are soluble in acid. Alkanes are not soluble in acid solution.

b. NaHCO3 solution can be used here. Carboxilic acid dissolve in sodium bicarbonate solution and effervescence due to CO2 is observed.

c. Sodium benzoate is water soluble, benzoic acid is not.

d. Br2 water can be used here. Alkenes react with Br2 water to form 1,2-dibromoalkane and the purple colour of the solution disappears. Alkanes do not react.

e. CS2 solution. Amines react with CS2 solution to form alkylisothiocyanates which have smell like mustard oil. Ethers do not react.

f. 1st compound react quite readily with acetone in acidic medium to form a cyclic compound. Second one will react much slower.

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