DNA extraction buffer contains detergent and salt, what are the purposes of dete
ID: 88456 • Letter: D
Question
DNA extraction buffer contains detergent and salt, what are the purposes of detergent and salt, respectively? What is the purpose of cold ethanol used in this lab? If you had extracted DNA from animal cells instead of plant cell, what cell barrier would have been different? What do plant cells have that animal cells do not? Do you think that DNA from animal cells would look the same as DNA from plant cells? Why or why not? Give an example that a scientist can do with extracted DNA. Explain why Mini-Prep method allow us to remove genomic bacterial DNA and to isolate plasmidsExplanation / Answer
4. ANS: The lysis buffer (detergent) breaks open the cells by destroying the fatty membranes that enclose the cells as well as the nuclei membranes within the cells.DNA is released into the solution. Detergent and the salt also help strip away proteins that are associated with the DNA molecules. The salt is useful to dissolve the protein chains surrounding the DNA.
5. ANS: DNA is not soluble in ethanol. To make the DNA less soluble, ethanol is cooled or freeze. So, ethanol must be kept in ice.
6. ANS: Animal cells contain only cell membrane but not cell wall. The plant cells contain the cell wall made up of cellulose. The DNA extraction in plants can be achieved by adding cellulase enzymes to dissolve the cellulosic cell wall. Other secondary metabolites produced by plants, proteins and chloroplasts interfere with DNA extraction from plant cells. DNA extractions from animal cells require withdrawing blood sample. The major non-protein compound interfering with DNA extraction from animal cells is heme.
7. ANS: The DNA sequences are same and universal in all types of cells but have different bases in the sequences. Generally, plant genomes are larger than animal genomes. The compounds like secondary metabolites and chloroplasts are not found in animal cells and these differences impact the DNA extraction methods also.
8. ANS: Scientists can learn how DNA encodes the instructions for all life processes. DNA extraction is important to the study of heredity and to the treatment of many diseases through the creation of gene therapy DNA molecules. Extracted DNA can also be used to create DNA fingerprints to help diagnose genetic diseases, solve criminal cases, identify victims of disaster and war, and establish paternity or maternity. Scientists can genetically engineer changes in DNA to create robust, disease-resistant genetically modified plants and animals. DNA extraction is also necessary in order to sequence the DNA code (order of base pairs) of different organisms (as in the Human Genome Project) and compare different species.
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