Describe the three endocytic pathways by which material is brought inside a cell

Question

Describe the three endocytic pathways by which material is brought inside a cell Indicate which of these three pathways is used to endocytose cholesterol and describe this process in detail. Describe the similarities and differences between desmosomes and hemidesomosomes, in terms of their location in the cell, their protein components. Name one human disease where the desmosome or hemidesomosomes is defective. Explain 1) the process by which collagen is synthesized and secreted, starting with its synthesis in the endeplasmic and 2) the two ways in which loss of collagen can affect the human body.

Explanation / Answer

1) The three endocytic pathways are receptor mediated endocytosis,caveolae,macropinocytosis and phagocytosis.Receptor mediated endocytosis is nothing but the cells absorbs harmones,metabolites and also some other proteins.Caveolae are rich in proteins and lipids such as cholesterol and perform several functions in signal transduction.These are flask shaped structures.Pinocytosis is a kind of endocytosis which small particles are brought in to the cells which suspends within small vesicles by forming invagination.I think receptor mediated endocytosis is the pathway which used to endocytose the cholesterol.

2) Desmosomes link two cells together and coming to hemidecimosomes they attach 1 cell to the extracellular matrix.

In desmosomes cadherins are used and coming to hemidesmosomes, instead of using cadherins,they use R symmetrical and integrin cell adhesion proteins which are found in epithelial cells connecting to basal face to other cells.These are the main differences between desmosomes and hemidesmosomes.Loss of desmosomes leads to the arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and blistering disease.

3) Loss of collagen leads to the aging of skin and other effect due to heavy loss of collagen,may leads to scurvy disease.These are the two kinds of diseases due to the loss of collagen in the human body.

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