1. How were Streptococci used to treat cancer? a. They were administrated in a n

Question

1. How were Streptococci used to treat cancer? a. They were administrated in a nasal spray to patients with inoperable cancers b. Were applied directly to tumors patients that were being operated on c. Applied to skin of patients with inoperable cancer d. injected into patients with inoperable cancer 2. What does an antigen-presenting cell (APC) do? May be more than one correct answer. Please note * A dendritic cell is a type of APC *Do not confuse this cell type with the APC gene a. It displays (present) small fragment of tumor antigen to increase apoptosis b. It display (present) small fragment of tumors antigen to train some T cell to attack tumor c. It display (present) small fragment of tumors antigen to stimulate B cell production of antibodies d. It display (present) small fragment of tumors antigen to turn off immune surveillance 3. Following steps are used in CAR-T cell therapies. Place them in correct order: a. A recombinant tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) gene is transduced into the t-cells b. The patient's modified T cell are transfused back into the patient c. The modified T-cell are cultured to increase the proportion that will attack the tumor d. T-cells are isolated from patient by leukapheresis 4. Which of the following are potential adverse (negative) effects that have been seen after CAR-T cell therapies? May be more than one correct answer. a. Neurological changes including delirium, seizures or brain swelling b. secondary cancer sites c. kidney failure d. Cytokine release syndrome (cytokine storm) 5. Which of the following can you learn by understanding your family's history? a. If you will develop heart disease b. If you will develop obesity c. if you may have inherited risk for a disease d. If you will develop cancer 6. Pedigree analysis: There may be more than one correct answer. a. Shows how the members of a family are related to each other b. Is not useful in determining if a disorder is autosomal of sex-linked c. Can be used to determine if a disorder is dominant or recessive d. Was used to detect inherited forms of breast cancer 7. 3 type of diseases. Xeroderma pigmentosum, Lynch syndrome and Hereditary Breast and Ovarian cancer due to BRCA 1, are caused by mutations in genes that encode proteins involved in which of these processes: a. Cell cycle checkpoints b. EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) c. DNA repair d. Apoptosis

Explanation / Answer

1.D In order to treated cancer, streptococcus were injected into the body. In a study, cytotoxic cells were found to be induced by the injection of OK-432 (streptococcus preparation) into rat models with bladder cancer(Hojo and Hashimoto, pmid 7327369).

2. B (Dendritic cells are professional APC's that present tumour antigen fragments to activated naive cytotoxic T cells.

3. Correct order is D A C B

4. A (neurological changes) and D (cytokinin release syndrome)

5. ABCD (all options are correct)

6. A, C,D

7. C (DNA repair)

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