Define: Bioinformatics Vocabulary 1. Bioinformatics – is the use of computer sof

Question

Define:

Bioinformatics Vocabulary

1.     Bioinformatics – is the use of computer software to store, analyze, and access DNA and protein sequences.

2.     FASTA format

3.     Hypothetical protein

4.     Localization

5.     Amino acid sequence

6.     Nucleotide sequence

7.     Putative

             8. Conserved gene

9.     Phusion HotStartII polymerase

10.     Hot start PCR

1.     260/280 ratio

2.     Buffer

3.     Precipitate

4.     Supernatant

5.     Negative and positive control

6.     Fluorophore

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

2. FASTA format: is a text-based format for representing either nucleotide sequences or peptide sequences, in which nucleotides or amino acids are represented using single-letter codes.

3. Hypothetical protein: is a protein whose existence has been predicted, but for which there is a lack of experimental evidence that it is expressed in vivo.

4. Localization: is a process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane.

5. Amino acid sequence: the unique sequence of amino acids that characterizes a given protein.

6. Nucleotide sequence: is a succession of letters that indicate the order of nucleotides within a DNA (using GACT)

or RNA (GACU) molecule.

7. Putative: is used to describe an entity or a concept that is based on what is generally accepted or inferred even without a direct proof of it.

8. Conserved gene: is a gene that has remained essentially unchanged throughout evolution and indicates that it is unique and essential.

9. Phusion HotStartII polymerase: is a high-fidelity DNA polymerase which generate PCR products with accuracy and speed unattainable with a single enzyme, even on the most difficult templates and is ideal for hot start PCR.

10. Hot start PCR: is a modified form of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which avoids a non-specific amplification of DNA by inactivating the taq polymerase at lower temperatures.

1. 260/280 ratio: is the ratio of absorbance at 260 nm and 280 nm is used to assess the purity of DNA and RNA.

2. Buffer: A buffer is a solution containing either a weak acid and its salt or a weak base and its salt, which is resistant to changes in pH.

3. Precipitate: is an insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution through a process called precipitation.

4. Supernatant: is the clear liquid that lies above the solid residue after centrifugation, precipitation, crystallization or settling.

5. Positive control: shows the desired effect which is expected from the independent variable.

Negative control: is an experiment which is designed in a way that it does not produce the desired outcome of the experiment.

6. Fluorophore: (or fluorochrome, similarly to a chromophore) is a fluorescent chemical compound that can re-emit light upon light excitation.

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