answer only question no.1 How NADPH is produced in animal cell? What are the sou
ID: 83804 • Letter: A
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answer only question no.1
How NADPH is produced in animal cell? What are the sources of NADPH in Plant Cell? How many ATP molecules are generated from NADH produced during glycolysis in brain and liver? Give proper explanation. How Isozymes give advantages in metabolism? What are the pathophysiological effects of loss of function mutation of Glycogen phosphorylase and Glycogen synthase? How C-AMP regulate the activity of Glycogen phosphorylase? Pyruvate is one of the most important intermediate in the metabolism: Explain 4 fates of pyruvate in the carbohydrate metabolism. What is glyoxalate cycle? Explain why it is important for plant? Why animal does not have Glyoxalate cycle? How Dark phase of photosynthesis is regulated by light? Explain what is photorespiration? Explain CAM pathway of Photosynthesis. What is Glycogenin? What is Thermogenin? What is brown fat? Why it is called brown fat? What is the action of oligomycin?Explanation / Answer
As 1. NADPH is produced during oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. And it is mainly used during anabolic processes like cholesterol synthesis, neurotransmitter, nucleotide biosynthesis etc
b. Coenzyme NADP, or nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate, found in plant cells play important role during photosynthesis. As the light absorbed by chlorophyll, electrons get excited and move from one factor to another during which energy is released in a controlled manner. This energy is trapped in the form of ATP or NADPH.Hence, NADPH is a reducing power formed during calvin cycle to assimilate carbon dioxide.
c. In brain = 36 ATPs are produced
Liver= 38 ATPs.
Reason is, during glycolysis, 2 molecules of NADH are produced in cytoplasm. These NADH will be transport to mitochondria.Problem is that these NADH molecules cannot pass mitochondria membrane on its own. Two different type of shuttle system present which help in trarnsporting them from cytoplasm to mitochondria:
1. Glycerol-3-Phosphate Shuttle : this shuttle utilize 1 ATP per NADH. Since two molecules of NADH has to be transported, there is loss of 2 ATPs. Therefore only net 36 ATP produced eg. skeletal muscle and brain cells.
2. Malate-Aspartate Shuttle does not require any ATP while carying out transfer of NADH from cytoplasm to mitochondria matrix. Therefore, 38 ATPs produced eg. heart, kidney and other organs
(Note: These shuttle system are present only in Eukaryotes. Not present in prokaryotes as prokaryotes don't possess mitochondria)
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