True or False. The human genome is the complete set of human chromosomes and gen

Question

True or False. The human genome is the complete set of human chromosomes and genes. A. True B. False The part of the genome that encodes protein is called the A. intron B. exon C. exome D. prodrone The microbiome considers A. DNA from microorganisms in the human body. B. all DNA that is too small to be seen in a light microscope. C. genes that contribute to or control metabolism. D. all parts of the human genome that encode protein. Which of the following types of information have been inferred using comparative genomics? A. The minimum set of genes required for life B. Distinctions among the three domains of life C. Differences between chimps and humans D. Traits necessary for the evolution of life on land E. All of the above

Explanation / Answer

25) Ans: B

A sequence of nucleotide base pairs makes up a human genome. A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of letters that indicate the order of nucleotides within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule. DNA makes up the entire set of chromosomes of the human organism. The human genome includes the coding regions of DNA, which encode all the genes (between 20,000 and 25,000) of the human organism, as well as the non-coding regions of DNA, which do not encode any genes.

26) Ans: B

Eukaryotes (like animals and human) have the feature of exon-intron organization of protein coding in genes. Introns are found in the genes of most organisms and many viruses, and can be located in a wide range of genes, including those that generate proteins, ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). Exome sequencing (WES or WXS), is a technique for sequencin all of the expressed genes in a genome (known as the exome). In this it selects the only the subset of DNA that encodes proteins. These regions are known as exons - humans have about 180,000 exons.

27) ANS: D

Some use “microbiome” is to mean all the microbes in a community. We and others use it to mean the full collection of genes of all the microbes in a community. The human microbiome (all of our microbes’ genes) can be considered a counterpart to the human genome (all of our genes). The genes in our microbiome outnumber the genes in our genome by about 100 to 1.

28) Ans: E       

Comparative genomes are compared to study basic biological similarities and differences as well as evolutionary relationships between organisms. The major principle of comparative genomics is that common features of two organisms will often be encoded within the DNA that is evolutionarily conserved between them. Comparative genomic approaches start with making some form of alignment of genome sequences and looking for orthogonal sequences (sequences that share a common ancestral) in the aligned genomes and also check to what extent those sequences are conserved. Based on these, genome and molecular evolution are inferred and this may in turn be put in the context of, for example, phenotypic evolution or population genetics.

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