True or False. Explain why False statements are not True. 1. The products of the

Question

True or False.

Explain why False statements are not True.

1. The products of the glyceraldehyde - 3 - phosphate dehydrogenase reaction includes a bisphosphorylated intermediate and a reduced electron carrier.

2. In glycolysis, each glucose molecule generates a net of two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH.

3. Bubbles of gas of glycolytic origin would emanate from an anaerobic culture undergoing lactic acid fermentation.

4. Each glycolytic step involving ATP is bypassed with a new reaction in gluconeogenesis.

5. Glycogen synthase adds glucose units to the non-reducing end of a glycogen chain by a nucleolytic attack of glycogens C4-OH on the aromatic cabron of glucose.

Explanation / Answer

1. True

2. True

3. False. Bubbles are not of glycolytic origin instead during the process of fermentation when pyruvate is converted to lactic acid.

4. True

Hexokinase (or Glucokinase), Phosphofructokinase, and Pyruvate Kinase. These steps must be bypassed in Gluconeogenesis. Two of the bypass reactions involve simple hydrolysis reaction.

a. Hexokinase or Glucokinase (Glycolysis) catalyzes:
glucose + ATP -> glucose-6-phosphate + ADP

Glucose-6-phosphatase (Gluconeogenesis) catalyzes:
glucose-6-phosphate + H2O -> glucose + Pi

b. Phosphofructokinase (Glycolysis) catalyzes:
fructose-6-phosphate + ATP -> fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + ADP

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (Gluconeogenesis) catalyzes:
fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + H2O > fructose-6-phosphate + Pi

c. Pyruvate Kinase (last step of Glycolysis) catalyzes:
phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP -> pyruvate + ATP

Pyruvate Carboxylase (Gluconeogenesis) catalyzes:
pyruvate + HCO3- + ATP -> oxaloacetate + ADP + Pi

PEP Carboxykinase (Gluconeogenesis) catalyzes:
oxaloacetate + GTP -> phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2

5. False

Glycogen synthase binds to the growing glycogen chain and adds autocatalytically UDP-glucose to the 4-hydroxyl group of the glucosyl residue on the non-reducing end of the glycogen chain, forming more (14) bonds in the process.

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