1. How has the climate of earth changed in the past 15,000 years? Describe perio
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Question
1. How has the climate of earth changed in the past 15,000 years? Describe periods of alternate warming and cooling and some of the associated environmental effects.
2. One of the effects of global warming and environmental change is a shift in precipitation patterns and amounts, most of the latter would probably be a reduction in annual totals. Based on your knowledge of your home area or regions, what do you think would be the result of such a shift on life in your home region?
3. List some of the causes of deforestation. Analyze the implications of this destruction. What could humanity lose when the rain forests are gone?
4. Explain some of the trends in global biodiversity. Identify the causes of loss of biodiversity and analyze some potential implications.
5. Analyze and discuss some of the reasons that many environmental problems are now considered global rather than simply regional or local in nature, citing several examples
Explanation / Answer
1)Climate of earth from the last 15,000 years. :
1) 15000 years ago - Rapid warming and moistening of climate in some areas . Rapid de glaciation begins.
14000 y .a - nearly all areas with climates at least as warm and moist as today's.
12,800 y .a - Rapid onset of cool , dry younger dry as in nearly areas.
11,500 y.a - Younger dry as ends suddenly , back to warmth and moist climates.
9,000 y.a - 8,200 y.a - climates warms and moister
about 8,200 y.a - sudden cool and dry phase in many areas.
8,000 to 4,500 y.a - climate light warmer and moister than to day's.
since 4,500 y.a - climates fairly similarly to the today's .
about 2600 y - relatively wet / cold event in many areas.
2) Mainly Global warming occurs due to the emission of carbon gases , green house gases in to the environment. Humans do some smaller mistakes for their benefits and luxury life . Due to the luxury life , the radiation increases as the harmful gases releases through vehicles, refrigerators , Air conditioners at homes etc.
These all increases Green house effect and Global warming.Now a days the main effect is due to the increases of vehicles and industries.Usage of smoke releasing vehicles should be decreased in order to shift the climate from warmer to cooler.
3)CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION : 1)Agricultural activation.
2) Logging
3) Urbanization
4)desertification of land
5)Mining
6)Forest fires.
Implications of deforestation : 1) climate imbalance.
2) Increase in global warming
3)soil erosion
4)floods
5)Wild life destruction
6)loss of biodiversity.
Amazon rain forests near the northern city of Manuas , Brazil is the big rain forest.
Losses due to the destruction of Rain forests : 1) Rainfall drops
2)Increases CO2 levels in Atmosphere and results Global warming.
3) Diminishes the amount of Evaporation.
4) Reduces absorption of solar energy. Sunlight reflects off the barren ground instead of being absorbed by trees. This would tend to cause Earth cooling, an opposite result from the CO2 increase.If the cooling effect dominates rainfall and air circulation might decrease worldwide.
4)BIODIVERSITY TRENDS : : There are many trends in biodiversity.Many species in the wild life has been destroying since many years due to small changes in land climate etc.
Changes in land :a) Amazon basin and south east Asia ( deforestation )
b)Asia (due to land degradation in dry lands |)
c)Bangladesh , Indus valley
Species like amphibians , African mammals , birds in agricultural lands are being decreasing in population as there is no reproduction due climatic changes and there is no shelter for many species as the forests are being destroyed.
5) The unfreezing and de icing of the Arctic by 2037
*)widespread decreases in the extent to snow and ice.
*)The melting of the polar ice caps.
*)) warming at the southern oceans and Northern Atlantic.
8 degrees Celsius increase in temperature of the earth since pre - industrial times.
Best example is the smog at the Mexico city.Due to the increase of the smoke from the vehicles, the city is filled with smoke for one month as smog. Many were effected with breathing problems.
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