1997 1912 individuals 18. .F 1999 paper, DNA extracted from blood collected betw

Question

1997 1912 individuals 18. .F 1999 paper, DNA extracted from blood collected between 1980 and from belonging to various ethnic groups including 363 Puerto Rican Hispanics, 150 Africans, 606 Asians, and 490 Pacific Islanders were analyzed for the CCR5 gene 32-bp deletion mutation by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay, using an oligonucleotide primer pair designed to discriminate C alleles without restriction endonuclease analysis. RESULTS: 17 of 303 (5.6%) The comparative CCRS/D32 heterozygosity was 61 of 363 (16. in Asians, and 0 of 150 (0%) in in Puerto Rican frequency of Islanders, o of 606 (o%) Hispanics, 9 of 490 (1.8%) in Pacific Africans. Conclusions? a. The data confirm the low frequency of CCRS/D32 heterozygosity among Caucasians b. ediate and low-level D32 allele frequencies among Puerto Rican Hispanics and Hawaiians could be attributed to recent European Caucasian gene flow Hawaiians could be c. Intermediate and low-level 2 allele frequencies among Puerto Rican Hispanics and attributed to recent European Caucasian genetic drift. d. The data is invalid because restriction digests were not conducted e. Asians and Africans have a high resistance to HIV 1358 1078 872 603 310 281/271 234 194 118 72 DX-174 Hhal EcoRv Haelll Hhal Hhal EcoRV EcoRV Haelll Haelll

Explanation / Answer

Answer 1

CCR5 (CC chemokine receptor type 5), involved in the immune system acts as a receptor for chemokines. HIV virus that causes AIDS initially enters and infect host cells through CCR5.

CCR5 delta 32 is a 32 basepair deletion that introduces a premature stop codon into the CCR5 receptor locus thereby making it non functional. Individuals homozygous for CCR5 delta 32 do not express functional CCR5 receptor required for the HIV-1 virus entry and are resistant to infection. Whereas individuals heterozygous for mutant allele have greater than 50% reduction in functional CCR5 receptor but are carriers.

According to the above mentioned research, a comparative allele frequency analysis of CCR5/D32 was conducted and results summarised. Based on the results, it may be concluded that, high frequency of CCR5/D32 heterozygosity among Caucasians. Intermediate and low D32 allele frequency among Puerto Rican Hispanicans and Hawaiians attributed due to the recent European Caucasian gene flow.Since gene flow is the introduction or removal of alleles from a population when an individual leave or enter a population. Whereas genetic drift is a random increase in decrease of allele by chance.

Among the Asians and Africans, heterozygosity is zero and the resistance may be due to some other factors or resistance mechanisms.

Answer 2

a. QX-174 - DNA ladder

b. Eco RV - shows result from single digest

c. Eco RV/ HaeIII- is a double digest

d. Hae III - contains 120bp

e. Hhal/Hae III - contains a fragment that is 310bp

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