A suspect is apprehended in an assault case and is found to have smears of makeu

Question

A suspect is apprehended in an assault case and is found to have smears of makeup on his clothing. The victim was known to have been wearing a distinctive pearl-white makeup. The pearl effect in cosmetics is from an ionic bismuth compound, BiOCl (bismuth has a 3+ charge). (a) What is the Lewis Structure of this compound (draw it the best you can by typing--if you have trouble with the dots, type out the explanation regarding where they should be)? Explain how you arrived at this structure. In other words, don't just give me the structure, but walk me through and explain to me how exxactly you arrived at your answer. (b) We also discussed wavelength and frequency in this Lesson. They are actually mathematically related: v = c / (lambda), where v is the frequency, c is the speed of light (see below), and (lambda) is wavelength. The particle nature of light was first proposed by Einstein, who suggested that light could be described as a stream of particles called photons. A photon of a certain wavelength (lambda) has an energy (E) given by the equation: E = hc / lambda, where E is the energy of the photon in J, h is Planck's constant (6.626 x 10^-34 J*s), and c is the speed of light (3.00 x 10^8 m/s). If we use a fancy instrument called an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES) to detect bismuth by monitoring light emitted at a wavelength of 223.1 nm, what is the energy and frequency that corresponds to this wavelength? (HINT: 1 nm = 1 x 10^-9 m; be sure all units are able to cancel out as necessary). You must show all work to receive credit.

Explanation / Answer

Bismuth has 5 valence electrons, O has 6 and Cl has 7 Total valence electrons available are 18 Bismuth is central atom and need 4 valence electrons to bond it to O and Cl

O-Bi-cl Rest of electrons are distributed (14 left) around O and Cl with a pair on Bi as central atom. Double bond forms between Bi and O to complete octet for Bi

O=Bi-Cl O atom has two sets of lone pairs, Bi has one set of lone pairs and Cl has 3 sets of lone pairs. trigonal pyramidal

b) v= c/lambda = 3.00 x 10^8 m/s /223.1 x 10^-9 m   

v=1.34^15 Hz (sec-1)

E= hc/lambda

E= (6.626x10^-34J*s) (3.00 x 10^8m/s)/223.1 x 10^-9 m )= 8.909^-19 J

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