34. (10pts.) Title: Conservation Genetics at the Species Boundary: Case Studies

Question

34. (10pts.) Title: Conservation Genetics at the Species Boundary: Case Studies From African and Caribbean Crocodiles Genus: Crocodylus) Investigators: H ekkala Ev Institution: Clumbia University The objective of this research project is to examine boundaries within and between species using the combined tools mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers. Such marker systems provide specific levels of resolution which, when combined, have the ability to clarify patterns ofevolution at local, regional, and continental geographic scales. The perspective afforded by this approach is brought to bear on the conservation and management of the true crocodiles in Africa and the Caribbean I will address problems in crocodile taxonomy and how one can hope to combat some of the threats to members of this group using the tools of conservation genetics. To explore hypothesis of the nophyly of the widespread ty mo lus niloticus, the Nile crocodile, I will complete a phylogeographic analysis based on data from five mitochondrial and nuclear regions. The findings suggest a deep and early split between crocodile lineages in East and four West Africa rendering the species C. niloticus letic and indicating two distinct species o true crocodiles currently inhabiting Africa. Populations of C niloticus are examined at a finer level, using microsatellite markers to evaluate levels of population identity and differentiation. Measures of population differentiation depict lo evels interpopulation dispersal and suggest a close association between populations and regional drainage systems. The Africa, assignment test allows for clear identification of individuals from source populations in Kenya, Zimbabwe, South and Madagascar, and will provide a valuable enforcement mechanism for monitoring trade in Nile crocodile products. I will examine the presence and extent of a hybrid zone between two protected species of Caribbean crocodiles using both morphological charact mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Although some hybrid individuals can be identified us indicate a unidirectional additional h detected by In addition, the molecular markers use of genetic pattern of hybridization and suggest that it is a relatively localized occurrence. I will review the for the maintenance of crocodile conservation and their application at differing scales to elucidate meaningful boundaries biodiversit

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

what might be a problem is you were to transfer crocodiles from West to East Africa?

The unidirectional patterns of morphology changes may occur due to evolution of new traits via "parapatric speciation" & "interbreeding" when, you transfer crocodiles from West to East Africa. These changes may sometimes leading to loss of heterozygosity may not useful to survive harsh conditions

Part-b:

The microstaellite markers are useful to examine levels of population identity and differentiation in allelic frequency within the population. The mitochondrial DNA studies and nuclear DNA studies are useful to study population differentiation mainly to examine any formation of hybrid zones or new evolution of traits for adaptation after any kind of interbreeding. The heterozygosity can be evaluated using this multilocus genotyping

A non-linear regression model with microsatellite based population genetics with adequate & finite sample size have used to infer genetic diversity. It has described that the allelic richness values are considered to observed the changes in allelic richness & gene frequencies in the source populations.

Part-c:

The monophyly and paraphyletic aspects should be examined for crocodiles produced in the hybrid zone with differential morphological features

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