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34 What is the function of the centromere during M phase? Keeping the chromosome

ID: 190711 • Letter: 3

Question

34

What is the function of the centromere during M phase?

Keeping the chromosomes condensed and packaged during cell division

Copying the chromosomes

Pushing each sister chromatid to one of the poles of the cell

Keeping the sister chromatids together until they separate to move to either pole of the cell

35

How is DNA organized during prophase and why is it organized like that?

It is uncondensed because it needs to be lined up at the center.

It is uncondensed because it needs to move towards cellular poles.

It is condensed, which makes it easier for it to move around.

It is organized into paired chromatids to keep it lined up at the center.

36

What is the specific structure of DNA during both the prophase and metaphase stages of mitosis?

Unreplicated chromosomes

Condensed chromosomes

Single chromatid

Separated chromatids

38

Sister chromatids are being separated and moving towards opposite poles of the cell.

Which stage of mitosis is this?

Telophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Prophase

39

Homologous pairs of chromosomes are undergoing crossing over, but they have not yet lined up in the middle of the cell.

Which stage of the cell cycle is this?

Prophase I

Prophase II

Anaphase I

Anaphase II

40

Homologous pairs of chromosomes have separated into two cells. Sister chromatids in each cell have not yet lined up in the middle of the cell.

Which stage of the cell cycle is this?

Prophase I

Prophase II

Metaphase II

Metaphase I

41

What is true of meiosis?

Meiosis results in two daughter cells.

The daughter cells that result from meiosis are diploid.

A cell undergoes two divisions during meiosis.

The daughter cells that result from meiosis are somatic cells.

42

What is true of mitosis?

The parent cell undergoes two cell divisions to produce gametes.

The daughter cells contain half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

The parent cell undergoes one cell division to produce somatic cells.

The diploid parent cell produces haploid daughter cells.

43

Which comparison of DNA and RNA is correct?

DNA uses the base uracil; RNA uses the base thymine.

DNA is single stranded; RNA is double stranded.

DNA stores hereditary information; RNA is used to make proteins.

DNA is a monomer; RNA is a polymer.

44

A lily is heterozygous for flower color, carrying one allele for the dominant red color and one allele for the recessive white color.

Which percentage of the lily’s gametes will carry the allele for red flowers?

25%

50%

75%

100%

45

A gardener performs a monohybrid cross on two heterozygous orange-fruited tomato plants. Plants expressing the recessive phenotype yield yellow tomato fruits.

What proportion of the offspring will have a genotype identical to that of the parent plants?

100%

50%

75%

25%

46

A species of fish can either have dominant red fins (R) or recessive white fins (r). Fin lengths can either be dominant long (L) or recessive short (l). A dihybrid cross is performed on two of these fish. Each fish is heterozygous for the traits of fin color and fin length.

Which four gamete genotypes can be produced by a parent fish?

Choose 4 answers

Rr L

r L

Rr Ll

r l

R

R l

R L

r

48

Populations of the Eastern crow show three color morphologies: black, white, and gray. One analysis of the genes controlling color pattern in these birds showed that when a gray male mates with a gray female, the offspring are produced in the ratio of 2:1:1 (gray to black to white, respectively).

Which type of inheritance explains this color pattern in Eastern crows?

Interdominance

Complete dominance

Codominance

Incomplete dominance

49

The human MN blood group is determined by alleles (M and N) of a single gene that code for two specific markers found on the surface of red blood cells. These alleles show a codominant pattern of expression. Blood typing of one family shows that the offspring all have the genotype MN.

What are the most probable genotypes of the parents in this family?

MN and MN

NN and MN

MM and NN

MM and MN

50

An experiment is conducted on the eggs of purple-feathered barn swallows. A clutch of eggs from this nest is separated into two halves. One half of the eggs are left with the purple-feathered parents, and the other half of the eggs are moved to a nest built by gray-feathered barn swallows. Genetic analysis has shown that barn swallows have genes coding for feather color. Upon maturity, all barn swallows left with the original parents have purple feathers, while those that were transplanted have gray feathers. This experiment is repeated with a large number of other nests with similar results.

What explains the results of this experiment?

Genes appear to have no influence on color pattern in barn swallows.

Genes in the transplant parents appear to influence feather color in barn swallows.

Color in barn swallows appears to be influenced by both genes and the environment.

Color in barn swallows appears to follow a pattern of codominance.

51

A breeder just acquired a healthy pair of rabbits. When bred, these rabbits produced 14 offspring. However, two of the female offspring and one of the male offspring are born with a lysosomal disorder.

According to this information, what is the inheritance pattern of this disorder?

Sex-linked

Heterosomal

Autosomal

Dominant

Place the steps of DNA replication in the order of occurrence.

Select your answers from the pull-down list.

DNA molecule separates into two template strands. 3-

Two DNA molecules, each with a template strand and a new strand, are formed. -1

Complimentary nucleotides are added to each template strand. 2-

DNA molecule unwinds. 4-

54

Through which process does information flow from RNA to protein?

Translation

Transcription

Transposition

Transformati

A gene contains the sequence CGCATACGGTAC that results in the amino acid sequence arg-ile-arg-tyr. A mutation in this gene removes the first G in the strand.

What is true of this mutation’s effect on the phenotype?

It will affect the phenotype because all the amino acids past this point will be different from the original protein.

It will not affect the phenotype because only the first amino acid is different from the original protein.

It will affect the phenotype because although most of the protein will be identical, the first amino acid will be different.

It will not affect the phenotype because the protein will be identical to the original protein.

57

A group of individuals of the same species is found living together in the same geographic area.

Which level of ecological organization is this?

Population

Ecosystem

Biosphere

Community

58

A large group of individuals of one species of Japanese wood-boring beetles inhabit the same dead pine tree.

Which level of ecological organization is this an example of?

Ecosystem

Community

Population

Biosphere

59

Biologists estimate that there are 1000 species of bacteria living in the average human stomach. Biologists are studying how these species interact with each other.

Which level of ecological organization is being studied?

Biosphere

Community

Ecosystem

Population

60

Individuals of two, distinct species of squirrels live on the same college campus. They have been observed foraging on similar food sources throughout the year.

What is the relationship between these two species of squirrel an example of?

Competition

Commensalism

Herbivory

Predation

61

Some plants have fungi associated with their root systems. The plant provides sugars for the fungus; the fungus helps absorb water and dissolved nutrients for the plant.

What is the interaction between the plant and the fungus an example of?

Mutualism

Predation

Commensalism

Parasitism

62

In the harsh arctic tundra, the survival of one species is often dependent on the actions of another. For example, the arctic bumblebee pollinates the arctic poppy flower and receives energy rich nectar in return.

Which interaction is occurring between these species?

Herbivory

Competition

Parasitism

Mutualism

63

The arctic fox will sometimes follow a polar bear as it hunts. After the polar bear has finished eating its meal, the arctic fox will scavenge what is left for a meal of its own.

Which interaction is occurring between these species?

Parasitism

Commensalism

Herbivory

Predation

Which organism in this food web is a primary consumer?

Diatoms

Copepods

Sunfish

Mackerel

65

In a pond ecosystem, mosquito larvae feed on photosynthetic algae. Other larvae, such as dragonfly larvae, feed on the mosquito larvae. The dragonfly larvae are, in turn, consumed by fish, which can be preyed upon by raccoons.

What is the producer in this ecosystem?

Dragonfly larvae

Mosquito larvae

Algae

Fish

66

In a pond ecosystem, mosquito larvae feed on photosynthetic algae. Other larvae, such as dragonfly larvae, feed on the mosquito larvae. The dragonfly larvae are, in turn, consumed by fish, which can be preyed upon by raccoons.

How many different organisms in this ecosystem get their energy from the food they consume?

One

Two

Three

Four

Which two biotic activities assist in the movement of water through its cycle?

Condensation and evaporation

Photosynthesis and aerobic respiration

Precipitation and evaporation

Precipitation and condensation

68

The biodiversity of the Boreal forest includes trees, such as pine and spruce, and animals, such as lynx and elk. Each of these are harvested for energy, food, or trade.

Which activity would have a negative impact on biodiversity in the Boreal forest?

An increase in the use of renewable instead of nonrenewable sources of energy

A decrease in logging throughout the Boreal forest

A decrease in human population

An increase in human population

69

Thailand's rainforests have decreased in area by approximately one-third since the 1960s due to logging for lumber, fuel, and to clear land for agriculture.

Which activity will continue to have a negative effect on the biodiversity of Thailand’s forests?

Increasing the use of renewable energy sources in Thailand

Developing technologies that would reduce the amount of chemical pollutants produced

Increasing the human population in Thailand

Increasing the use of sustainable technologies in Thailand

Marine debris is accumulating in regions of the ocean where major currents converge. The presence of plastics and other trash are negatively affecting ocean ecosystems.

What would contribute to this negative effect on ocean ecosystems?

Decreasing the overall amount of plastic materials produced

Increasing the use of nonbiodegradable materials

Increasing the use of biodegradable materials

Decreasing overall consumption levels

Explanation / Answer

34. What is the function of the centromere during M phase?
The answer is Keeping the sister chromatids together until they separate to move to either pole of the cell

35. How is DNA organized during prophase and why is it organized like that?
The answer is It is organized into paired chromatids to keep it lined up at the center.

36. What is the specific structure of DNA during both the prophase and metaphase stages of mitosis?
The answer is Condensed chromosomes

38 Sister chromatids are being separated and moving towards opposite poles of the cell.
Which stage of mitosis is this?
The answer is Anaphase

39 Homologous pairs of chromosomes are undergoing crossing over, but they have not yet lined up in the middle of the cell.
Which stage of the cell cycle is this?
The answer is Prophase I

40 Homologous pairs of chromosomes have separated into two cells. Sister chromatids in each cell have not yet lined up in the middle of the cell.
Which stage of the cell cycle is this?
The answer is Prophase II

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