1. pt Hormones are chemical substances produced in one organ that released into
ID: 73939 • Letter: 1
Question
1. pt Hormones are chemical substances produced in one organ that released into the bloodstream and affect the function of a target organ. For the target organ to respond to a particular one, A) modify its plasma membrane to alter the hormone entering the cytoplasm B) be from the same cell type as the organ that produced the hormone C) experience an imbalance that disrupts its normal function D) have receptors that recognize and bind the hormone molecule 2. One of the major categories of receptors in the plasma membrane reacts by forming dimers, adding phosphate groups, and then activating relay proteins. Which type does this? A) G protein-coupled receptors B) steroid hormone receptors C) receptor tyrosine kinases D) ligand-gated ion channels 3. (1 pt) What does it mean to say that a signal is transduced? A) The signal enters the cell directly and binds to a receptor inside B) The signal triggers a sequence of phosphorylation events inside the cell C) The signal is converted to a cellular response D) The signal is amplified, such than even a single molecule evokes a large response The following two questions are based on the accompanying figure. 4. Which of the following types of signaling is represented in the figure? A) autocrine B) synaptic C) hormonal D) paracrine 5. In the figure, the dots in the space between the two structures represent which of the following? A) receptor molecules B) hormones C) neurotransmitters D) signal transducers 6. HER2A binds to a ligand that is similar to epidermal growth factor (EGF) Which of the following is a method that is commonly used to identify ligands that bind to receptors such as HER2A? A) genome sequencing B) cell culture of cancer cells C) polymerase chain reaction D) affinity chromatography 7. Which of the following sequences is correct? A) Binding of a growth factor to its receptor phosphorylation cascade activation of transcription factor B) Binding of a growth factor to its receptor activation of transcription factor phosphorylation cascade C) Steroid hormone binding to its receptor G-protein activation adenylyl cyclase activation levels of CAMP in D) Taste molecule binding to its receptor phosphorylation of G protein adenylyl cyclase activation levels of CAMP in the cytoplasm rise Page I of 22Explanation / Answer
1. D
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. B (HER2A is a marker for breast cancer treatment. So, cell culture of cancer cells would be best to identify such ligands.)
7. A, C and D are correct. (Please check the question. It should ask for the incorrect statement)
A occurs if the target receptor is tyrosine kinase receptor.
B and C occur if the receptor is GPCR (G-protein coupled receptor).
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