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Question: Use your own words to explain it. Please NO handwriting. NO copying. 1.Brazil has embraced ethano...

Use your own words to explain it. Please NO handwriting. NO copying.

1.Brazil has embraced ethanol as a transportation fuel. Discuss why Brazil has moved in this direction and why we can or cannot replicate this model in the United States. How Brazil has become a world leader in the production of ethanol for transportation fuel.

2.Even the most innovative green cities like Portland, Oregon have a running debate on the use of fuel cells for energy. Do you think fuel cells are the answer to mitigating environmental damage? Explain your answer. Do not only give opinions; back up your conclusions with data found in this topic.

Explanation / Answer

1. United States has almost 60 percent more population than Brazil. Moreover per captia comsumption of crude oil in USA is 27 barrels in a year while brazil only has 4.2 barrel.Brazil total production of ethanol is 4.8 billion gallons per year which results in, displacement of 40 percent of petroleum gasoline consumption. On the other hand USA if produces the exact same quantity of ethanol it displace about 3 percent of gasoline use.

Its not always what it seems from top. Brazil went through a rigrous plan of 30 year to blend bio-fuel in normal day to day life . It took drastic change by 2006 when many private company start showing interest in clean energy profit making. The major setback is USA high demand and consumption rate then any other country in terms of gasoline.

If we want a change like Brazil we need to put policy like 'ProAlcool' with lot patience and optimisim.

2. Fuel cell definately holds the future but when we conclude to produce hydrogen either by eco-friendly way or in a very cheap cost effective form. Both of them seems not possible in current senerio. Fuel cell shows its best way when used in combined system i.e generation of heat and electricity by same system using natural gas/

But if we study the present senerio of fuel cell it makes no sense in using european electricity to make hydrogen than using it in fuel cell for transportation . It will increase the carbon emission and turn out to be very costly process. I n my open view fuel cell has only future when we are able to produce hydrogen in a very simple way to refuel the sytem. At present time its a good topic for debate but not feasible practically.

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