ANSWER (a) Out of the three cations In 3+ will form largest hydrated cation. Thi

Question

ANSWER

(a) Out of the three cations In3+ will form largest hydrated cation. This because higher the charge density (Charge /size ratio) of the cation greater will be the hydration. Out of the given ions In3+ has highst charge and smallest size. So it will be highly hydrated.

(b) Perchlorate ion (ClO4-) is a weak base (because its conjugated acid is strong). When a weakly basic anion reacts with weakly acidic cation the salt they for is of lower solubility. Ca2+ and [(C4H9N)4]+ are both weak acids but [(C4H9N)4]+ is the weakest acidic cation (because of smaller charge and large size) so [(C4H9N)4]+ will form least soluble perchlorate.

OR

Large the size of cation and anion lower will be the solubility because of lower hydration energy. Both [(C4H9N)4]+ and (ClO4-) have large size hence lower solubilty.

(c) Ca2+ will form least soluble oxides. This because the oxide anion (O2-) and Ca2+ are similar in size hence for a very stable crystal (with high lattice enrgy) In3+ is smaller in size and [(C4H9N)4]+ is larger in size than oxide ion.

Explanation / Answer

9 (10 points). Consider the following three cations: In", Ca2 and (C,H,),N]. (a) Which one of these cations will form the largest hydrated cation, and why? (b) Which cation will give the least soluble perchlorate, and why? (c) Which cation(s) will give the least soluble oxide, and why? 2 4 ^

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