1.)What are the implications of different colonization outcomes? 2.)Are their he

Question

1.)What are the implications of different colonization outcomes?

2.)Are their health effects associated with these outcomes?

3.)Is the there any correlation between the increase in autoimmune disease, Crohns disease, and asthma and the increase in the rate of C-section deliveries?

Colonization of the Human Body by Microbes t is estimated that for every human cell there are nine microbial cells associated with an individual. That means that 90% of the total number of cells found in the human body is not hurman. The microorganisms that are associated with the human body, the microbiota, include both prokaryoles and eukaryoles Sites within the human body with resident microbes are the skin, upper respiratory tract gastrointestinal tract, outer opening of urethra, vagina, extemal gentalia, external ear, ear canal and extemal eye. Interesingly, the microbes associated with each of these areas difter. For example, the common genera of bacteria on the skin indlude Staphylococcus and Streplococcus while Laciobaclus is the primary organism type found in the vagina Even with the vast number of microbe associated with the body, there are sites that are sterile (ricrabe free). These include the heart and circulatory system, liver, kidneys and bladder bonds, brain and spinal cord, lungs and others Fluids such as the blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and the amniotic nuid sumounding the embryo and fetus are also considered to be stenile. In fact, the presence of microbes in these areas can often indicate an infection. Each individual's microbiota is not generally harmful to their host and can even contribute to the overall health of the indivnidual That is, having an established biofilm of resident flora protects against incoming microbes. An individual's microbial community is remarkable stable although fluctuations can occur depending on drug use, diet, as well as other factors. For example disruptions in an individual's microbioa can occur with antibiotic use. The resident fiora can be depleted allowing incoming microbes, including possible pathogens that may not be suscepible to that antibiodc, an opportunity to colonize

Explanation / Answer

Western colonial expansion began during the 15th century when Spanish and Portuguese explorers conquered "new" lands in the West Indies and the Americas. It continued for over 400 years, and ended with the start of the first World War. By that time western powers such as Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Portugal and Spain, spurred on by their competitive desire to acquire new lands and resources, had colonized the whole of Africa and the areas that we know today as the Americas, Oceania, Australia, New Zealand, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and many parts of Asia.

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) likewise embarked on an expansionist period that took place during the first half of the 20th century. By mid-century, due to lands gained through an aggressive expansionist policy and through post-World War II treaties, the Soviet Empire gained control of all of Russia and most of Central Asia and Eastern Europe.

During these periods of expansion, Western European and Soviet powers formed new colonial multiethnic provinces (e.g., Rhodesia, French Indonesia, German East Africa) and satellite states (e.g., Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia). They did so with little regard for the people living in the newly controlled areas, or for existing geographic or cultural boundaries. Populations that had previously identified themselves as distinct, based on their cultural, ethnic, and/or religious heritage, were forced to unify under a single national identity. The new multiethnic colonial territories and Soviet states were maintained, upheld, and controlled through the use of violence, and through the implementation of imperialist policies. Certain populations were denied their political, economic, social, and human rights. Imperialist policies promoted ethnic rivalry by favoring one group above the others, distributed resources in an unequal manner, disallowed democratic governments, and prohibited local participation in governmental decisions and actions.

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