1. What are the components of the cardiovascular system? List them. 2. List two
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Question
1. What are the components of the cardiovascular system? List them.
2. List two functions of the cardiovascular system.
3. Fill in the blank. Blood never leaves the blood vessels and does not exchange substances directly with cells. Rather it exchanges substances with _______ _______, which then exchanges with cells.
4. How does the lymphatic system aid the cardiovascular system?
5. Identify the 4 chambers of the heart. Select one choice in each parentheses. The (atria/ventricles) pump blood into the arteries. The (atria/ventricles) receive blood from the veins. (2 pt).
6. What is the purpose of the coronary arteries?
7. What is meant by the cardiac cycle?
8. What is often the cause of a heart murmur?
9. Where is the SA node located and what is its function in controlling the heartbeat?
10. What is an ECG? What does a normal ECG indicate?
11. What does your pulse rate indicate and what is considered to be the normal range of pulse rate? What is yours? (For your own information)
12. Why should blood flow through capillaries be slow?
13. List two things that diffuse out of a capillary at its midpoint. List two things that diffuse into a capillary at its midpoint. List two things that are too large to leave the capillary. (2 pts)
14. What are the forces involved that cause the exchange of materials in the capillary system?
15. What is the difference between a thrombus, an embolus and a thromboembolism?
16. What happens to the heart that results in a heart attack?
17. What is (a) an aneurysm and (b) what could cause one?
18. Define (a) angina pectoris and (b) what condition is it associated with?
Explanation / Answer
1) heart, arteties, veins, capillaries, blood.
2) Transport of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the body and removal of metabolic wastes (carbon dioxide, nitrogenous wastes).
3) capilleries.
4) When blood passed from the arteries to the arteriole and into capillaries, some of the plasma usually leaks out as tissue fluid. A portion of this diffuses into the lymphatic vessels, along with: lymphocytes and phagocytes and other cells of the immune system.
This then drain into the lymph nodes where pathogens are attacked and killed and further immunological reaction is initiated. This usually results in a swollen lymph node. The lymphatic fluid then rejoins the circulatory system by draining into a vein.
6) coronary arteries deliver blood to the heart muscle,
7) The cardiac cycle refers to a complete heartbeat from its generation to the beginning of the next beat, and so includes the diastole, the systole, and the intervening pause. The frequency of the cardiac cycle is described by the heart rate, which is typically expressed as beats per minute.
8) There are two types of heart murmurs: innocent murmurs and abnormal murmurs. A person with an innocent murmur has a normal heart. This type of heart murmur is common in newborns and children.
An innocent murmur can occur when blood flows more rapidly than normal through the heart. Conditions that may cause rapid blood flow through your heart, resulting in an innocent heart murmur, include:
Abnormal heart murmurs
The most common cause of abnormal murmurs in children is when babies are born with structural problems of the heart (congenital heart defects).
9) Also known as the sinus node, the SA node is the natural pacemaker of the heart. It controls the heart rate by generating electrical impulses and then sending electrical signals through the heart muscle, causing the heart to contract and pump blood throughout the body.
10) ECG indicates Electro Cardio Gram, it indicates normal persom.
11) The normal pulse for healthy adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. The pulse rate may fluctuate and increase with exercise, illness, injury, and emotions.
12) With each rhythmic pump of the heart, blood is pushed under high pressure and velocity away from the heart, initially along the main artery, the aorta . In the aorta, the blood travels at 30 cm/sec. From the aorta, blood flows into the arteries and arterioles and, ultimately, to the capillary beds. As it reaches the capillary beds, the rate of flow is dramatically (one-thousand times) slower than the rate of flow in the aorta. While the diameter of each individual arteriole and capillary is far narrower than the diameter of the aorta, the rate is actually slower due to the overall diameter of all the combined capillaries being far greater than the diameter of the individual aorta.
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