1. Cells #1 and #2 below have each just received a stimulus that has initiated a
ID: 57131 • Letter: 1
Question
1.Cells #1 and #2 below have each just received a stimulus that has initiated a biological effect. The plasma membranes for these cells are shown.
A)Identify which cell below will transduce a biological effect through recruitment of one of the cytosolic signaling proteins shown below. Also identify which signaling protein of the three choices below (each containing three domains) will be recruited, and why that protein will be recruited.
B) Briefly describe a likely biological effect (something that cell will do, or that will happen to the cell) for Cell #2
Cell #1 Cell #2 Extracelluar Space I Extracelluar Space Cytosol I Cytosol Domain 1 Domain 2 Domain 3 Signaling Protein A Phosphatase lgG WDPhospholipid Key Signaling Protein B Kinase GTPase PH Signaling Protein C Kinas Sema Phosphatidylinsoitol PhosphatidylserineExplanation / Answer
A) Cell #1 will transduce a biological effect by recruiting one of the cytosolic signalling proteins. Most often, the cell recruits the single protein C to transduce the signal, because this signal protein has Sigma domain. It contains hydrophobic amino acids that form the transmembrane domain, and a kinase domain to transfer the signal, and positively charged amino acids to receive the signal.
B) Phosphatidylserine is actively held facing the cytosolic (inner) side of the cell membrane by the enzyme, flippase. However, when these phospholipids naturally flip to the extracellular side, they act as a signal for macrophages to engulf the cells, resulting in apoptosis of the cell.
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