Explain if and why each of the following experimental errors will lead to an inc

Question

Explain if and why each of the following experimental errors will lead to an incorrectly high or an incorrectly low calculated molar concentration of the unknown acid or if it will have no effect on the calculated molar concentration of the unknown acid. A student was in a rush and did not take the time to get the bottom of the meniscus right at the line when pipetting the acid. The student did not realize that the bottom of the meniscus was just below the line when the acid was delivered. When delivering the unknown acid to the Erlenmeyer flask using a pipet, the student pressed the plunger on the pipet to force all of the acid from the pipet to the flask. The NaOH was delivered in a continuous stream rather than drop-wise near the endpoint, so the student's solution was dark pink at the end of the titration.

Explanation / Answer

1. If bottom of the meniscus , instead of actual pipette volume little bit lower volume will delelivered to the flask .So , lower molarity would be the result

2. When forcing plunger on the pipette spillage of solution will occur , so it lead lower molarity calculation

3. If NaOH is delivered in continuous stream instead of drop by drop near to the end point, titration will cross the end point and lead to higher molarity calculation. For getting sharp end point it is necessary to add the solution drop by drop.

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