Explain how waterborne diseases can best be eliminated by Filtration of drinking

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Current data is not adequate to advise all immunodeficient persons to boil or avoid tap water, but the risks involved are high enough that, until the health risk of drinking water containing small number of Cryptosporidium oocysts is clearly defined, it is advised that these individuals boil all water intended for drinking for at least one minute. If one does not want to boil water constantly, a household water filtration system or drinking bottled water can reduce the risk of Cryptosporidium infection. When selecting a filtration system, the system should have one or all of the following characteristics (Juranek, 1995): it can remove particles that are 0.1-1 micrometers in size filters water by reverse osmosis it has an "absolute" 1-micron filter meets NSF standard no. 53 for "cyst removal" On the other hand, filters that have the following characteristics do NOT guarantee >99% removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts (Juranek, 1995): filters with a "nominal" 1-micron rating only employs ultraviolet light uses only activated carbon for filtration utilizes pentiodide-impregnated resins it is effective against Giardia species When selecting a high-quality bottled water, one should question the vendor directly to see if the filtration systems used to purify the bottled water matches the characteristics in the first list above (removal of >99% oocysts). In either case, careful research is needed to ensure protection from Cryptosporidium infection from drinking water at home, especially for immunocompromised individuals.

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