Many plants harbor toxins that can deter herbivores or microbial infection. The

Question

Many plants harbor toxins that can deter herbivores or microbial infection. The toxins are often stored as inactive that release the toxic constituent by enzymatic hydrolysis when an infectious agent is detected. A glycoside is a molecule in which a sugar is bound to a non-carbohydrate moiety, usually a small organic molecule. An example of this is illustrated in young tulip bulbs. These bulbs contain the inactive glycosides 1-tuliposide A and B which are mildly antibiotic providing resistance to a pathogen called Fusarium oxysporum during the growing season. As shown below, the glycosides above can rearrange to 6-tuliposides A and B. These compounds are inert but undergo enzymatic hydrolysis followed by cyclization to give the fungitoxic tulipalins. Incidentally, tulip fingers is a skin condition or combined allergic and irritant contact dermatitis caused by repeated contact with tulip bulbs. The reaction is in response upon exposure to Tuliposide A. a) Name the class of enzyme responsible for carrying out reaction 1. _____ b) Name the class of enzyme responsible for carrying out reaction 2. _____ c) During reaction 2, a sugar is released as well as a compound that forms a ring. i) Name the sugar that is released. _____ ii) Draw the non-carbohydrate moiety that is also released but as it would appear before forming the ring compound. iii) Name the class of compound that the ring compound represents. _____

Explanation / Answer

Ans 1. Isomerase

Ans 2. these are known as tuliposide converting enzyme or TCE, are members of the lactoneforming carboxylesterases

Ans 3 During reaction 2 released sugar is i) D glucose

iii) the ring compound Tulipalin are lactose class of compound

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