You need to explain to your study group why the breathing ability of amniotes is
ID: 49929 • Letter: Y
Question
You need to explain to your study group why the breathing ability of amniotes is different than that of amphibians. Your classmates argue that something like a terrestrial salamander is identical in its breathing mechanism to an amniote. To convince them of the critical breathing innovations of amniotes, you report that in order to breathe as an amniote does, the terrestrial salamander would have to
grow scales on its body
develop new musculature associations in the ribcage
grow lungs
reduce the size of its mouth
After an ocean fishing trip, you return with a species that you have not encountered before. Your curiosity will not allow you to dismiss your catch without proper identification. Your fishing buddy argues that this is just another species of bony fish. As you observe the fish more closely, you conclude that it belongs with a taxonomic grouping that includes the sharks. What observed feature of your catch would lead you to such a conclusion (that it was a shark, NOT a bony fish)?
a bony skeleton
position of the eyes
liver
lateral line
grow scales on its body
develop new musculature associations in the ribcage
grow lungs
reduce the size of its mouth
Explanation / Answer
1. develop new musculature associations in the ribcage.
The strong respiratory musculature in amniotes is an evolutionary characteristic of them, which is not present in the terrestrial salamander. During the life time of salamander it uses different organs for respiration and it again varies with species. It may use, skin, gills or lungs for the process of respiration, whereas amniotes exclusively breath through lungs.
2. Liver
Normal bony fish contains an internal organ called swim bladder to maintain neutral buoyancy. Sharks lack this structure and theyachieve neutral buoyancy due to their cartilagenous skeleton, the low density oils in their relatively large livers and hydrodynamic planing. Thus, the correct option is liver, actually observing the absence of swim bladder is easy to identify it as a fish belonging to sharks taxonomic group.
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