Glycobiology. Exciting new research is revealing that carbohydrates are not simp

Question

Glycobiology. Exciting new research is revealing that carbohydrates are not simple “food molecules”. They also

play vital roles in interesting biological processes like animal embryo development, immunology, and viral

infections. From this research, a new field has emerged called “glycobiology”. Perhaps the best characterized

glycoproteins and glycolipids are those that determine human ABO blood groups (see page 335 of your textbook).

A) ABO blood types differ by one sugar residue, attached to the plasma membrane of blood cells. Identify that

sugar which differs between the A, B and O blood types.

B) Explain why people with O-type blood can donate blood to recipients with A- or B-type blood. (You may

need to do some additional reading, using reliable Internet sources.)

Explanation / Answer

No doubt its new exciting research it will provide better determination provide some new factor to analysis.

A) ABO blood types are recognise by marker present in the surface of cell by these marker they make identities for self or foreign. Every blood type have different antigens and in these antigen arrangement of sugar differ. the common arrangement of sugar is N- acetylgalactosamine - Galactose - N acetyl glucosamine - galactose' - Fructose. this sequence occur in O type. when N- acetylgalactosamine bind in galactose' it represent A type antigen and when another galactose represent by galactose'' bind to galactose' into the chain it form B type antigen.

B) People with blood group O is called universal donor. we know that antigen make differ in ABO blood group and when donate a different blood group into another different the antigen and antibody reaction occur. the blood group O do not have any antigen so when they donate blood group there is no chance for antigen - antibody reaction (agglutination) so they can donate to AB blood group as A and B blood group also.

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