Read about the Reinforcement Theory on page 64 of the textbook; then view the Op
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Question
Read about the Reinforcement Theory on page 64 of the textbook; then view the Operant Conditioning video (3:57 minutes). In your discussion post, explain why operant conditioning is important to how people learn.
****Operant Condition Video: https://youtu.be/I_ctJqjlrHA
64 Chapter Three Learning, Motivation, and Performance putting meat powder on the dog's tongue after sounding the buzzer. If the dog salivates at buzzer, you have created a conditioned response (salivation) to a conditioned stim buzzer). Continually sounding the buzzer without offering the meat powder will ext (remove) this response. Over time, the conditioned response gradually disappears. Thro conditioning, a response to one stimulus can be transferred to another, unrelated stimul response. This situation is reflected in step 2 of Table 3-1. In step 3. , nguish ough Classical conditioning occurs frequently in the workplace, though it typically recei ow. Sparks fly from the welding machine and your eyes blink, even 2. tle attention. The noon whistle blows at the factory, and the worker's digestive juices be goggles. As you will see later, this type of learning can affect the learning environment. though you are wearing 4. Reinforcement Theory Reinforcement theory is relatively simple on the surface but can be difficult to apply. It does not provide all the answers for how needs are translated into ac- tion, but its major points are essential for understanding human behavior. The foundation for reinforcement theory comes from the work of E. L. Thorndike. beha as re s law of effect sta d, a Nega anno in away e avoided B. F. Skinner used this principle in developing The basic components of learning in operant conditioning are illustrated in Figure 3-2. A e (consequence) to the individual that is the operant conditioning model and reinforcement theory person is faced with an object or event in the environment (stimulus) and behaves in a certain way (response). That behavior results in an outcom positive or negative. In the illustration, the man has seen a book of great interest (environmen- tal stimulus) while on the way to work. He purchases the book and reads it (response) while continuing to walk to work. You can imagine the consequence. The environment provides Punis stimuli that elicit behaviors and consequences that reinforce or punish them. the er In similar situations, the consequences of past behavior affect future behavior. How will punis the man in Figure 3-2 respond to books while walking in the near future? Operant learning theory says that due to the negative consequence of falling into the hole, the man will learn to avoid reading and walking at the same time. A person's motivation (i.e, direction, magnitude, and persistence of behavior), then, is a function of her reinforcement history. Unfortunately we ar StimulusResponseConsequence those FIGURE 3-2 Behaviorist Model of LearninExplanation / Answer
Operant conditioning is a learning process through which the behaviour is modified by re-inforcement or punishment. It is also used as a a procedure to bring about such learning in On the othe hand re-inforcement theory considers that behaviour of an individual can be changed through re-inforcement, extinction and punishment.Extinction is to stop someone from performing a learned behaviour.
operant conditioning also deals with and explains the effects of positive re-inforcement . In this operant conditioning we use two processs to bring the behavioural change in an individual i.e re-inforcement or either punishment. The main part of conditioning learning is to recognise the operant behaviour and the conseuqence resulted in that particular environment. Here re-inforcement can be positive also ; For example RAT was placed in a box firstly rat was trying to move out going here and there but after sometime rat got ajdjusted there and then started exploring it and when saw that liver rat pressed the liver and as a result food fall in to box and rat got food to eat and next time again when rat was feeling hungry again pressed the liver and got food. so this was a positive re-inforcement .
There are two types of reinforcement Positive and negative
Example of positive re-inforcement - While doing our basic daily work at job if we found some new concept or idea through which time or money can be saved and when that idea is presented to the management and if its actually accepted then that employee or staff will get reward for their idea which is a positive re-inforcement for the employee not only for that employee but for many other employess as well , they will also look out to create any new method to save time .
So this behaviour has helped /motivated many other people to learn i.e it is a stimuli for other people. While if we only consider re-inforcement it mostly results in negative result as individuals are forced in a negative way.
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