1. Define the term six sigma How is the balance of trade related to exports, imp
ID: 390177 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Define the term six sigma How is the balance of trade related to exports, imports, trade surpluses, and deficits? 2. 3. In the context of communication, what is perception? 4. Define the term organizational decentralization. 5. Briefly summarize Simon's principle of bounded rationality as it applies to satisficing 6. The terms consideration and initiating structure emerged from the Ohio State studies. Explain what these terms mean in relationship to leadership. 7. Explain the difference between positive and negative reinforcement.Explanation / Answer
Six sigma literally means, in statistical terms, six standard deviations from the mean, in order to realize the very high level quality demanded by six sigma, the entire production or service system must be examined and improved.
A country rarely imports exactly as much as it exports. The balance of trade refers to the differences in imports and exports. This is one component of a country’s gross domestic product—exports minus imports. If exports are greater than imports, this trade component of GDP is positive and adds to the GDP, while if imports are greater, international trade subtracts from GDP. The former is a trade surplus and the latter represents a trade deficit.
Perception is the mental and sensory process an individual uses in interpreting information received.
Decentralization is a type of organizational structure in which daily operations and decision making responsibilities are delegated by top management to middle and lower-level managers within the organization, allowing top management to focus more on major decisions.
Based on the third assumption, also naturally follows the first assumption; if the decision maker’s knowledge of alternatives is incomplete, the individual cannot optimize but can only “satisfice”. This means selecting the first alternative that meets the decision maker’s minimum standard of satisfaction.
Consideration refers to the leaders’ behavior of showing concern for individual group members and satisfying their needs. Initiating structure refers to the leaders’ behavior of structuring the work of group members and directing the group toward the achievement of the group’s goals. Major conclusions from this study are: a.) Leaders scoring high on consideration tend to have more satisfied
subordinates than do leaders scoring low on consideration.
b.)The relationship between the score on consideration and leader
effectiveness depends on the group being led.
c.)There is also no consistent relationship between initiating structure
and leader effectiveness; rather, the relationship varies depending
on the group that is being led.
Positive reinforcement is providing a positive consequence as a result of desirable behavior as avoidance (negative reinforcement) is giving a person the opportunity to avoid a negative consequence by exhibiting a desirable behavior.
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