Is it possible to explain why with your answers to help me better understand wha

Question

Is it possible to explain why with your answers to help me better understand what is happening?

If x is an int variable with an initial value 5, find the value of x upon the return of the call f(x, x) to the following C++ function. void f(int& x, int& y) {x = x + y; y = x - y; x = x - y;} If x is an integer variable with an initial value 5, find the value of x upon the return of the call f (x, x) to the following Ada procedure, assuming pass by value-result. procedure f(x, y: in out Integer) is begin x: = x + y; y: = x - y; x: = x - y; end f; Draw a sequence of run-time stacks to show the activities of calling f(3) to the following C function. Show the parameter and return value in each stack frame. int f(int n) {if (n

Explanation / Answer

1.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void f(int& x,int& y)
{
    x = x + y; //x = 10 y = 10 as y and x share the same copy of x reference variable
  
    y = x - y; // y = 10-10 = 0
  
    x = x - y; // x = 10 - 10 = 0

}

int main()
{
   int x = 5;
   f(x,x);

   printf("x = %d",x); //x = 0
  
    return 0;
}

Output:

x = 0

2.

in out parameter goes into the call and may be redefined in Ada

x := x+y; here x = 5+5 = 10

y := x-y ; y = 10-5 = 5

x := x-y; x = 10-5 = 5

after procedure executes x = 5; redefined by y.

3

f(3)

= f(2) + f(1) // recursive call

= f(1) +f(0) + f(1) // n<2 so return n

= 1+0+1 = 2

n=3 return = f(2)+f(1)

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