question 8 only What is testing? Why do we need it? What are the four classes of
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question 8 only
What is testing? Why do we need it? What are the four classes of errors that can occur in a digital system? For each class, give an example. What is the difference between a physical fault and a logical fault? Give an example that illustrates the |difference. Briefly explain what the following terms mean: On-line testing Stored-pattern testing Algorithmic testing DC testing At-speed testing Compact testing Guided-probe testing Self-testing Fault Coverage Fault Universe Problem 2.1, 2.2 from the textbook What is a non-procedure RTL language and why do we need it? Problem 3.1, 3.3 from the textbook What is the difference between transport and inertial delays? Illustrate with an example.Explanation / Answer
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1) Testing is a way to find out how a digital system performs when exposed to a set of constraints. In digital systems testing is used at predefined key check points to find out how a system performs and to analyse that the defined golas are being met. It is process of exercesing and analysing a products response to a check wether the faults are introduced during the manufacturing or operation phase.
Testing is required to overcome the manufacturing mistake, which effects the performance of the system and if removed can be dangerous and expensive in long term. It is required to ensure the quality of the system, quality system delivered to the customers helps in gaining their confidence.
2) The four classes of error in digital system are:
3) Physical fault occurs due to the environmental factor and is not under our direct control Example: Temperature variation due to weather, wearing of material.
On the other hand the logical fault occurs due to design error. It is manmade. Example includesCUT(Circuit under Test) is wrong, magnitute of the CUT has been changed causing it to give undesired result.It under our direct control and we follow the predefined steps to get rid of such kinds of error.
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