7. Describe the functions of a Manufacturing MIS. 8. List and describe some othe
ID: 3694551 • Letter: 7
Question
7. Describe the functions of a Manufacturing MIS.
8. List and describe some other types of MISs
9. what are the stages of problem solving?
10. What is the difference between decision making and problem solving?
11. How can location and Alice's be used in marketing research MIS?
12. Describe the difference between a structured and an unstructured problem and give an example of each.
13. Define decision support system. What are its characteristics?
14. Describe the difference between a data-driven and a model-driven DSS
Explanation / Answer
8)
Transaction Processing Systems
These systems are designed to handle a large volume of routine, recurring transactions.Transaction processing systems are used widely today. Banks use them to record deposits and payments into accounts. Supermarkets use them to record sales and track inventory. Most managers use these systems to deal with tasks such as payroll, customer billing and payments to suppliers.
Operations Information Systems
These systems were introduced after transaction processing systems. An operations information system gathers comprehensive data, organizes it and summarizes it in a form that is useful for managers. Most of these systems access data from a transaction processing system and organize it into a form usable by managers. Managers use operations information systems to obtain sales, inventory, accounting and other performance-related information.
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
A DSS is an interactive computer system that can be used by managers without help from computer specialists. A DSS provides managers with the necessary information to make intelligent decisions
Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence
These systems use human knowledge captured in a computer to solve problems that ordinarily need human expertise.
9)
1. Define the Problem
aka What are you trying to solve? In addition to getting clear on what the problem is, defining the problem also establishes a goal for what you want to achieve.
2. Brainstorm Ideas
aka What are some ways to solve the problem? The goal is to create a list of possible solutions to choose from. The harder the problem, the more solutions you may need.
3. Decide on a Solution
What are you going to do? The ideal solution is effective (it will meet the goal), efficient (is affordable), and has the fewest side effects.
4. Implement the Solution
What are you doing? The implementation of a solution requires planning and execution. It’s often iterative, where the focus should be on short implementation cycles with testing and feedback, not trying to get it “perfect” the first time.
5. Review the Results
What did you do? To know you successfully solved the problem, it’s important to review what worked, what didn’t and what impact the solution had. It also helps you improve long-term problem solving skills and keeps you from re-inventing the wheel.
10)
Problem solving is a method; decision making is a process.
Decision making is needed during problem solving to reach the conclusion.
Decision making will lead to a course of action or final opinion; problem solving is more analytical and complex
Problem solving, as the name implies, is solving a problem. Meaning, it is a method wherein a group or an individual makes something positive out of a problem. Decision making, on the other hand, is a process that is done many times during problem solving. Decision making is the key that will help in reaching the right conclusion in problem solving. Problem solving is more an analytical aspect of thinking.
12) Structured decision :
Structured decisions are made in routine, repetitive, well-structured situations.these types of decision are predetermined decision rules. These may be based on habit, or established policies, rules and procedures and stem from prior experience or technical knowledge about what works or does not work in a given situation.
For example
A company have predefined routines for handling customer complaints. Decisions are programmed to the extent that they are repetitive and routine and that a definite approach has been worked out for handling them. Because the problem is well-structured, the manager does not have to go to the trouble and expense of working through an involved decision making process.
Unstructured decisions:
This type of decisions are usually made by the top level management of organisation during the planning for new strategies or when a top level management is confronted with an ill-structured problem and there is no cut and dried solution. The unstructured decisions are unique decisions that require a highly skillful and well experience personals at top level management.
13) A decision support system (DSS) is a computer program application that analyzes business data and presents it so that users can make business decisions more easily. A decision support system may present information graphically and may include an expert system or artificial intelligence.
characterstics:
Facilitation:
DSS facilitate and support specific decision-making activities and/or decision processes.
Interaction:
DSS are computer-based systems designed for interactive use by decision makers or staff users who control the sequence of interaction and the operations performed.
Ancillary:
DSS can support decision makers at any level in an organization. They are NOT intended to replace decision makers.
Repeated Use:
DSS are intended for repeated use. A specific DSS may be used routinely or used as needed for ad hoc decision support tasks.
Task-oriented:
DSS provide specific capabilities that support one or more tasks related to decision-making, including: intelligence and data analysis; identification and design of alternatives; choice among alternatives; and decision implementation.
Identifiable:
DSS may be independent systems that collect or replicate data from other information systems OR subsystems of a larger, more integrated information system.
Decision Impact:
DSS are intended to improve the accuracy, timeliness, quality and overall effectiveness of a specific decision or a set of related decisions.
14)
Model-driven DSS Data-driven DSS User interacts primarily with a (mathematical) model and its results User interacts primarily with the data Helps to solve well-defined and structured problem Helps to solve mainly unstructured problems Contains in general various and complex models Contains in general simple models Large amounts of data are not necessary Large amounts of data are crucial Helps to understand the impact of decisions on organizations Helps to prepare decisions by showing developments in the past and by identifying relations or patterns
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