PLEASE ANSWER ALL OF THEM 2.)Explain the purpose of an authoritative domain name
ID: 3605148 • Letter: P
Question
PLEASE ANSWER ALL OF THEM
2.)Explain the purpose of an authoritative domain name server. How does its purpose differ from that of a local DNS server?
3.)Why does the IP datagram require separate fields for the header length and the total datagram length, instead of combining both into a single value?
4.)What is the purpose of an IP address mask? Suppose an IP address is identified as 222.44.66.88/24. What is the network address in this case? What is the host address? Howmany hosts can this network address support? Repeat this exercise for the IP address 200.40.60.80/26?
Explanation / Answer
2)Ans:
DNS – Domain Name System is an amazing technology. It helps us open internet addresses without a hustle. We easily write the domain name and the DNS has the job to find the IP of the domain we wrote. Just like the phone book on your mobile phone, you need to find Mike, so you write “Mike”, and you don’t need to remember his actual number, great isn’t it?
DNS is an essential part of the Internet. It manages to translate all the inquiries into IP addresses, and like this, it can identify different devices that are connected to the network.
Now let’s show you how DNS server works with one example:
1. Information request
You want to visit our website and you know the domain name. You write it in your browser, and the first thing it does is to check for local cache if you have visited it before, if not it will do a DNS query to find the answer.
2. Recursive DNS servers
If you haven’t visited the page before, your computer will search the answer with your internet provider’s recursive DNS servers. They have cache too so you can get the result from there. If they don’t, they will need to search the information for you in another place.
3. Root name servers
Your query can travel a long way. The next step is the name servers. They are like intermediates; they don’t know the answer, but they know where to find it.
4. Top-Level Domain (TLD) name servers
The name servers will read from right to left and direct you to the Top Top-Level Domain (TLD) name servers for the extension (.com or another). These TLD servers will lead you finally to the servers which have the right information.
5. Authoritative DNS servers
These DNS servers check the DNS records for the information. There are different records, for example, we want to know the IP address for a website, so our request is Address Record (A).
6. Retrieve the record
The recursive server gets the A record for the website we want from the authoritative name servers and stores it on its local cache. If somebody else needs the host record for the same site, the information will be already there, and it won’t need to pass through all these steps. All this data has an expiration date. This way, the users will get up to date information.
7. The final answer
Now that the recursive server has the A record it sends it to your computer. The PC will save the record, read the IP and pass the information to your browser. The browser makes the connection to the web server, and it is finally possible for you to see the website.
It is a long process, but actually, it takes fractions of a second. It can be even faster if you use reliable DNS servers from ClouDNS.net. Check our services and choose the one that best suits you.
4)Ans:
An Internet Protocol address identifies a device on a computer network, specifying its location and identification. Internet Protocol Version 4 makes use of subnet masks that help to control network traffic by using identifiers in the IP address to specify on which subnet a host or group of hosts exist. A newer protocol, IPv6, does not make use of subnet masks because they have built-in subnet IDs.
IP Address
An IPv4 address is a 32-bit number divided into four sections, or octets, written in decimal numbers ranging from zero to 255 and separated by dots. For example, 101.32.122.51 is an IP address. Each address is divided into two parts: the network and the host number. A subnet mask designates a subnet within a larger network and identifies a way to route external information to the proper hosts, or machines (such as your computer) on the subnet.
Subnets
A subnet mask defines the IP addresses that can exist within a specific subnet, such as a local area network. It has a similar appearance to an IP address, but it "masks" the network part of the IP address. The values in the subnet mask identify how many hosts can exist on the subnet. The value of any octet will always be higher than that of the octet to its right, if there is one. Smaller values in an octet translates to a greater number of hosts that can connect to the subnet.
Examples
A subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 indicates a network that can have up to 256 hosts, where the first three octets for each device's IP address are the same, and the final octet's value ranging from zero to 255. The IP addresses 101.32.122.51 and 101.32.122.70 can share the subnet mask 255.255.255.0, but 101.32.122.51 and 101.32.102.51 cannot because the third octet is different. The subnet mask 255.255.255.240 will have up to 16 hosts on it, whereas the subnet mask 255.128.0.0 can have as many as 8,388,608 hosts.
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