Section 3: Managing Client%u2013Server Environments You have been asked to provi

Question

• Section 3: Managing Client%u2013Server Environments
• 
  
  • You have been asked to provide information on the use of networks inside your organization. Create a document that will describe the networking features of its chosen operating system.
  • Make sure to discuss at least 5 networking operating system features of your chosen operating system.
  • Include a discussion about how you can network the operating system (OS) with at least 1 other type of operating system.
    • If you chose Windows as the primary OS, how can it network, share, and utilize resources with a Linux environment or a Mac environment?
  • This information should be 2%u20133 pages of details.

Explanation / Answer

Ans:

The term client-server refers to a popular model for computer networking that utilizes client and server devices each designed for specific purposes. The client-server model can be used on the Internet as well as local area networks (LANs).

Examples of client-server systems on the Internet include Web browsers and Web servers, FTP clients and servers, and the DNS.

=>Web servers are the machines or programs from which requests are made and fulfilled over the Internet. They provide one of the endpoints in communication when users request an online service.

=>Clients or users request data through their web browsers. These requests are delivered to the server in HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol).

The two features common to all web servers are HTTP and logging.

=> HTTP provides the protocol according to which requests are processed and responses are retrieved and formatted. These responses usually are delivered in the form of HTML documents.

=> Logging is the recording and storing of information about client requests and server responses. This recorded data is stored in log files. These files can provide an audit trail to uncover the source of an error. They can also be analyzed to better understand and predict client and server behavior.

Some of the practical features include the following:

configurability; authentication; inclusion of programs that handle and generate dynamic content; module support; HTTPS support; content compression; virtual hosts; large file support; and bandwidth throttling.

Configurability refers to %u201Cthe ability of a system to be adapted to new requirements and operating environments without change to the fundamental structure of the software.

This implies the ability for a system or program to rearrange or customize attributes and features depending on user requests and, in this case, HTML commands. Many web servers contain configuration files or external user interfaces to enhance adaptability. Configuration files are read at startup by operating systems and applications to define user environment. External user interfaces provide the combination of tools through which users interact with the server.

These include screen design, menus, and command language. External user interfaces can also increase a server%u2019s configurability.

Servers also use a variety of authentication techniques to control access to web resources. These techniques include login requests that verify the user%u2019s identity through the use of a registered username and password.

These servers include authorization components as part of their operating system. Authorization, like authentication, permits users access to the server%u2019s data and devices that will fulfill requests.

Servers must also be able to handle both static and dynamic content.

Static content is easily accessible since it resides as files in the server%u2019s file system. Dynamic content, however, is more complicated. Dynamic content is generated by scripts or APIs called upon by the server to execute requests. Scripts are interpreted programs or sequences of instructions that are carried out by another computer.

Dynamic web pages increase interactivity and can customize responses based on user-defined conditions and contexts. Server-side scripting is one of the ways to generate dynamic content. These responses are tailored by HTML commands, URL constraints, and the type of browser making the request.

Some of the most popular server-side scripted interfaces/pages include the following: JSP (JavaScript Pages); PHP; ASP (Active Server Pages were developed by Microsoft. It must be written in an active scripting language like VBScript or Visual Basic Scripting Edition or PerlScript); ASP.NET (also developed by Microsoft for the .NET platform); and Server API (Server Application Programming Interfaces, which assign direct module interfaces to web server applications, like Apache HTTP Server or iPlanet. These interfaces generate HTML documents and interpret and process code embedded in HTML.

Servers also often provide HTTS support. HTTS refers to a secure Internet connection. This is used for secure transactions like payment transactions.

Content compression is employed by servers to reduce the size of responses, thereby reducing bandwidth usage. Data compression stores more data in fewer bits by encoding it. This encoding is achieved by creating abbreviated syntax that is understood by both the browser and the server. Compression is achieved through, for example, %u2018gzip%u2019 encoding. Gzip is free software used for file compression.

Networking Operating System

Computers have operating system software that allows them to function.Without operating system instructions, a computer is nothing more than a box with circuits. This is the same with networks. Without a Network Operating System, a network is nothing more than a number of computer devices connected together. In order to transmit information and communicate across a network, it is necessary to have a Network Operating System

Features:

=>In order to transmit signals across a network, it is necessary for the computer to communicate with its modem or Network Interface Card. Network Operating Systems (NOS) provide the protocols necessary to achieve this goal, but each different type of modem or NIC needs to be able to communicate with the particular NOS. It is therefore necessary to install the special software that comes with the interface device. This software is often referred to as a driver.

=>Computers made today usually come with both the interface and necessary drivers installed. Occasionally, you must install the modem or NIC yourself. It is necessary to install the correct driver for that interface device. Failure to so install the driver means that the device will be unable to communicate over the network or with the computer it is installed in.

=>Network Operating Systems not only allow communication across a network, they also allow a network administrator to organize resources, control access, and ensure that the network is operating efficiently. Sharing of network resources can be peer-to-peer or client/server. Which one is the best is dependent on the end goal of the network.

=>Client/server networks dictate that systems are most often dedicated to a single function. They are either users of network resources or providers of resources. Client/server networks are typically more expensive and robust than peer-to-peer networks and generally support the building of larger networks.

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