Essay: (Fluid volume regulation): How is blood volume affected by actions of the

Question

Essay: (Fluid volume regulation): How is blood volume affected by actions of the GI, kidney, lung and endocrines

Essay: (Glucose metabolism and regulation): Folks on the Atkins diet do not eat carbs, how will this affect GI, kidney, endocrine

Essay: (Endocrine effects on body function): People in some third world countries are unable to get enough iodine in their diets — how will this affect GI, endocrine, respiratory Essay: (Fluid volume regulation): How is blood volume affected by actions of the GI, kidney, lung and endocrines

Essay: (Glucose metabolism and regulation): Folks on the Atkins diet do not eat carbs, how will this affect GI, kidney, endocrine

Essay: (Endocrine effects on body function): People in some third world countries are unable to get enough iodine in their diets — how will this affect GI, endocrine, respiratory Essay: (Fluid volume regulation): How is blood volume affected by actions of the GI, kidney, lung and endocrines

Essay: (Glucose metabolism and regulation): Folks on the Atkins diet do not eat carbs, how will this affect GI, kidney, endocrine

Essay: (Endocrine effects on body function): People in some third world countries are unable to get enough iodine in their diets — how will this affect GI, endocrine, respiratory

Explanation / Answer

Blood Volume regulated by the GI system:

The amount of water and sodium ingested determine the amount of Blood volume, that water and sodium are further excreted by the kidneys through urine, and that lost through the GI tract, lungs and skin as well. The ingested and lost water and sodium are highly variable or different in every individual. The kidneys regulate the amount of water and sodium lost in the urine that is to maintain the blood volume. Take an example, if the water and sodium are ingested excessively, in normal conditions the kidneys respond by excreting more water and sodium into the urine. That happens in the following ways :

Blood Volume regulation by Renal Excretion of Water and Sodium:

The glomerulus is the part of the nephron that filtered the blood. That filtrate contains sodium, water and other substances. The sodium concentration is altered by transport of sodium across the tubular wall and into the renal interstitium and this has happened when the filtrate travels through the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal and collecting tubules, filtered then diffuse into the network of intrarenal capillaries. There are renal tubules and these tubules permeable to water, so water leaves with the sodium along the tubules.

Adjusting the amount of water and sodium lost in the urine and that is how kidney regulate the blood volume. Sodium transport is regulated by angiotensinII that is taking place at the different sites along the proximal tubules, thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, distal and collecting tubules, which increases sodium transport and further leads to retention of the sodium molecules. Aldosterone hormone on the other hand In the collecting tubules stimulates sodium transport from the tubular fluid into the interstitium. Ang II and aldosterone increase sodium retention and consequently fluid volume in the body and consequently fluid volume in the body. While in the distal tubules and collecting tubule a third hormone called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), increases water permeability. This allows water to diffuse from the tubular fluid into the hypertonic interstitium so that urine volume decreases and water loss. Changes in Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration affect the sodium and water filtered this happened at the glomerulus and then entering into the renal tubules. For e.g. raised blood volume thus increases arterial pressure, renal perfusion, and glomerular filtration rate.

Raised sodium retention by the kidneys activated by Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) system, which then reduced water loss into the urine and so that the blood volume expansion. RAAS activation occurs during heart failure, which leads to fluid retention in the body. Drugs that block the angiotensin II formation, or aldosterone receptors blockers enhance water and sodium loss, which then reduce blood volume. Thus, we can say that alteration in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by any mechanism or drug will affect blood volume.

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