Essay: (MOVEMENT ACROSS MEMBRANES): Exchange across membranes is an important co
ID: 3522293 • Letter: E
Question
Essay: (MOVEMENT ACROSS MEMBRANES): Exchange across membranes is an important consideration in the GI (consider the duodenum) and the kidney (ie PCT) and the lung: what common structural modification do they use to increase this actionEssay: (pH Regulation) how will the intake of calcium carbonate affect GI, Kidney, Lungs and endocrine Essay: (MOVEMENT ACROSS MEMBRANES): Exchange across membranes is an important consideration in the GI (consider the duodenum) and the kidney (ie PCT) and the lung: what common structural modification do they use to increase this action
Essay: (pH Regulation) how will the intake of calcium carbonate affect GI, Kidney, Lungs and endocrine Essay: (MOVEMENT ACROSS MEMBRANES): Exchange across membranes is an important consideration in the GI (consider the duodenum) and the kidney (ie PCT) and the lung: what common structural modification do they use to increase this action
Essay: (pH Regulation) how will the intake of calcium carbonate affect GI, Kidney, Lungs and endocrine
Explanation / Answer
Movement across membrane-
The exchange of various materials occurs through membrane through various processes such as Osmosis, diffusion, carrier transport.
Iron is an essential element and is vital for body but its requirement is complicated by environment which is invariably present as insoluble leading to poor bioavailability and toxicity. Organisms have evolved efficient uptake and transport system to extract iron from their environment as well as ferritin that store iron in a non toxic form. In higher organism, the first membrane barrier encountered is the apical surface of the duodenal enterocyte, specialised absorptive cell of the intestinal epithelium that undertakes vectorial transport of iron. Iron is initially solubilized and is transported across the cell membrane by a carrier mediated transport process. Followed by intracellular transfer of iron to the basolateral enterocyte membrane with subsequent transfer and release of iron to transferrin in the portal blood.
Passive transport occurs in the Kidney as the small blood capillaries called glomerulus have their waste products removed from the blood. the concentration of nitrogenous waste products in the bowman's capsule is low and therefore the wastes in the glomerulus diffuse through the glomerular filtration membrane this occurs without energy being used up.
Active transport uses energy. It can be seen in Kidneys at the reabsorption stage in the nephron.
At the respiratory membrane, where the alveolar and capillary walls meet, gases move across the membranes, with oxygen entering the bloodstream and carbon dioxide exiting.
pH regulation-
The term pH refers to the power of hydrogen, or the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
Normal urinary pH ranges from 4.6-8. when urinary ph is too high it can increase the risk of kidney stones. Calcium can increase the urinary PH.
The increase in gastrointestinal tract PH can lead to constipation, including gas and bloating.
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