6. After I wash up the frying pan that I used to cook fried eggs and mushrooms,

Question

6. After I wash up the frying pan that I used to cook fried eggs and mushrooms, I notice large globules of fat floating on the water. If I stir up the water vigorously, they disappear, but they re-form a few seconds later. However, if I add a drop of detergent, the droplets break down very quickly and do not visibly return. Clearly, fat does not mix with water, unless a detergent- like substance is present. Something similar must happen in the watery environment of my duodenum when I try to digest the fat in my dinner.

a) Explain why fat does not mix with water and why this is a problem for digestion of lipids. (2 marks)

b) Explain how large fat globules are broken down into much smaller droplets in the small intestine. Specifically, describe the type of secretion involved in this process, how its release is controlled and how the key substances in the secretion work at the molecular level to stop the fat from re-combining back into large globules. Do NOT include how the digestion of fats occurs, what digestion products are formed or how they are absorbed into the body. You will get no marks for this. (4 marks)

c) Lipases are the enzymes that break down triglyceride fats in the small intestine. Lipase inhibitors are drugs that bind to lipases and reduce their activity. Lipase inhibitors reduce digestion and absorption of fats, but often have nasty side effects of bloating, flatus and increased urge to defaecate. From your knowledge of gut function, explain how these symptoms may be caused by lipase inhibitors.

Requirement : I need the answer with reference and has to be original work not copy work, must pass turnitin.

Explanation / Answer

a) Fats or lipids are nonpolar compounds where water is polar in nature.In water,there is hydrogen ion(it carries positive charge) amd oxygen(it carries negative charge),this makes a water molecule to get attracted towards another.

These hydrogen bonds and low energy state makes it very stable.

On the other hand,oil is nonpolar,it has no such charges to get attracted towards water molecule.

Hence,oil and water does not mix due to absence of bonding.

B) The secretion released in small intestine for digestion of fat is called bile.It is synthesized in gall bladder.It helps in breakdown of fat in the watery environment of small intestine.

This process is known as emulsification.

It is done by the help of pancreatic lipase and lecithin,bile contains.

Bile has affinity for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds.

C) Lipase inhibitors bind to pancreatic lipase and reduces their activity,this causes incomplete digestion and absorption of fats and delayed stomach emptying.This causes production of endogenous gases,produced from incomplelete digestion of fats.This is the main cause of flatulence,bloating and pain.

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