02 x Cardiovascular xLecture StudyxLecture Study x Cardiovascular. X Lecture Stu
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02 x Cardiovascular xLecture StudyxLecture Study x Cardiovascular. X Lecture Study xLecture Study ownloads/Lecture%20Study%20Guide%20ChX2012%20Cardiovascular%20Part%202%20of%203%2OPHYS%2012%. Content Questions 1. 2. What are the five major types of blood vessels? Draw the pathway that blood travels through these major 3. Approximately how many miles (or kilometers) of blood vessels occur in the average person? Why does that number increase when a person gains new body mass, such as fat or muscle? vessels, from the aorta back to the venae cavae. Is blood in a systemic venule oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor How does the thickness of the wall of an artery compare to that of a vein? Why do they differ? Remember: form follows function.) Which blood vessels have the highest blood pressure? The lowest? What is meant by the term pressure gradient? What role do pressure gradients play in the circulation of blood through the cardiovascular system? Co ? Why? 4. 5. 6. 7. Describe the processes of vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Which tissue in the vessel wall is responsible for these changes? 8. Describe vascular resistance. How does the diameter of a vessel affect vascular resistance and velocity of blood flow through the vessel? 9. Compare the velocity of blod flow in an artery, a capillary, and in a vein. where is blood flow the slowest? What function or purpose does this serve? 10. Which type of vessel has the greatest cross-sectional area (and surface area)? How does this contribute to homeostasis? 11. Why is blood flow through capillary beds dynamic? That is, why does it change from moment to moment? How does this contribute to homeostasis? 12. Which of the following materials may cross the wall of a continuous capillary: water, lons, glucose, hormones, red blood cells, plasma proteins (e-g, albumins, fibrinogen), oxygen, carbon dioxide 13. Why do sorne tissues have many capillaries, while others have few? 14. Materials can cross the capillary wall by three methods. Name and describe each. 15. By which process(es) may oxygen cross the capillary wall? Why? 16. By which process(es) may a small protein like insulin cross the capilary wall? Why? 17. As blood passes through a systemic capillary, will more carbon dioxide enter or leave the blood? Why? What is the primary mechanism that drives the movement of CO,? Then use a hormone such as insulin as the example malecule. For each substance, where does loading occur? Where does unloading occur? 18. Explain the concepts of loading and unloadine in the blood. First, use oxyzeen as the example molecule. 19. Why are plasma proteins trapped inside a continuous capillary? What prevents them from crossing the walExplanation / Answer
4.To withstand the pressure of blood coming out from the heart,arteries need thick wall and the returning blood in the veins is under low pressure so the walls of veins are thinner.
5.The blood pressure in the following vessels is from highest to lowest:veins,capillar cap,arteries,aetriole,venule.
7.The constriction of the blood vessel which increases pressure is called as vasoconstriction and dialation of blood vessels which decreases blood pressure is called vasodilation.
10.Aorta is the vessel which has highest cross sectional area.The cellular components of the aorta support development and homeostasis of supporting matrix.
14.Material can cross capillaries through intracellular clefts, fenestration and through endothelial cells.
22.Hydrostatic pressure promotes filteration.
24.The two forces which inhibit filteration are Colloidal osmotic pressure and capsular pressure
31.Edema is a condition where excess of watery fluid is collected in the cavities of the body.Heart failure, cirrhosis of liver are most common systemic diseases which cause edema.
35.Respiratory pump,muscle pump and valves are system which affect venous return.
43.Cardiovascular disease is a heat condition which includes the diseased vessels,blood clots and structural problems.
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