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1.) Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood, and exp

ID: 3516315 • Letter: 1

Question

1.) Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood, and explain how their loading and unloading is affected by temperature, pH, BPG, and PCO2

2.) Compare the causes and consequences of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, and lung cancer. Once we have made these comparisons then we should follow up on other disorders that affect either the upper or lower respiratory systems. Be sure to comment on others postings in terms of new information that can contribute to a more complete understanding of the diseases you pick.

Explanation / Answer

Ans 1...transport of oxygen

Oxygen is carried in blood in two forms

A...in dissolved form:-0.3 ml per 100 ml

B...combined with haemoglobin...I mole of Haeoglobin carries 4 moles of oxygen.

Transport of CO2

Co2 is carried in plasma and RBC in three forms

A...in dissolved form...0.3 ml per 100 ml

B...as carbamino compounds...0.7ml per 100 ml

C...as bicarbonate...3ml per 100 ml

Increase temperature,increase BPG and increase pCo2 and decrease pH causes oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve to shift to right that is unloading of Oxygen becomes easy and loading of Co2 becomes easy.in reverse condition,reverse thing occur.

Ans 2...the most important cause of these conditions is smoking.

Chronic bronchitis.c causes....inhaled irritants like smog,i industrial pollutants etc

Viral and bacterial infection

Underlying disease like asthma,cystic fibrosis,C HF,bronchiactesis

Consequences..severe shortness of breath,respiratory failure etc

Emphysema....cause

Cigrate smoking

Alpha 1 anti trypsin deficiency

Air pollutants

Hereditary

Consequences....shortness of breath

Over inflation of lungs

Pnemonia

Cor pulmonale

Asthma...causes...

Allergens like pollen ,dust,mites

Respiratory infection

Excerciseinduced asthma

Air pollutants

Consequences....shortness of breath,coughing,tightness of chest

Pneumonia

Collapse of lung

Respiratory failure in severe cases

Lung cancer...causes...smoking

Radiation

Some viruses

Carcinogens

Consequences...shortness of breath

Metastasis to.other body tissue

Leading cause of death.

Upper respiratory tract involvement....viral infection eg. Cold

Lower respiratory tract involvement.....pneumonia