38. During vomiting the major loss is ___________ whereas in diarrhea there is a

Question

38. During vomiting the major loss is ___________ whereas in diarrhea there is an extensive loss of ________. a. hydrochloric acid (HCl), bicarbonate (HCO3) b. bicarbonate (HCO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl) c. bicarbonate (HCO3), glucose d. hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium 39. Lactic acidosis results from: a. prolongs intense exercise b. congestive heart failure c. insufficient insulin production d. a & b e. a, b & c 40. Ketoacidosis results from: a. prolongs intense exercise b. congestive heart failure c. insufficient insulin production d. a & b e. a, b & c 41. In respiratory alkalosis, respiratory rate increases and blood __________ _____________. a. CO2 increases b. CO2 decreases c. O2 increases d. O2 decreases e. none of the above 42. Metabolic acidosis compensate with _____________ ______________. a. respiratory acidosis b. respiratory alkalosis c. metabolic acidosis e. metabolic alkalosis e. none of the above 43. The step in the digestive process that deals with a series of catabolic steps in which complex food molecules are broken down into their chemical building blocks by enzymes secreted into the lumen of the alimentary tract is called a. Propulsion b. Ingestion c. Chemical digestion d. Defecation e. Absorption 44. ________________ is the passage of digestive end products from the lumen of the GI tract by active or passive transport into the blood or lymph. a. Propulsion b. Ingestion c. Chemical digestion d. Defecation e. Absorption 45. In which part of the digestive tract is chemical digestion essentially completed? a. stomach b. pancreas c. liver d. small intestine e. large intestine 46. The organ that carries most metabolic function in the body is the a. stomach b. liver c. small intestine d. pancreas 47. The main function of these organs is propulsion: peristaltic waves move food bolus to stomach accomplishing the phase of deglutition a. Mouth and associated accessory organs b. Pharynx and esophagus c. Stomach d. Small intestine e. Large intestine 48. Which hormone will be secreted especially if the bolus contains proteins? a. gastrin b. cholecystokinin c. secretin 49. The following target organs are stimulated by secretin except: a. stomach b. pancreas c. liver d. gallbladder 50. The stimulus of chime containing amino acids and fatty acids entering the small intestine releases ____________. a. gastrin b. cholecystokinin c. secretin 51. The cells that produce intrinsic factor, important in the absorption of B12, is the ______ cells. a. surface mucous b. mucous neck c. parietal d. chief e. G-cells 52. The most numerous of the secretory cells within the gastric glands, which produce zymogen are: a. surface mucous b. mucous neck c. parietal d. chief e. G-cells 53. The following are functions of hydrochloric acid except: a. activates pepsinogen b. kills microorganism c. prevents ulceration of the stomach d. denatures proteins 54. Barrett esophagus refers to an advance case of GERD in which the epithelium changes from columnar secretory to stratified squamous. a. True b. False 55. Gastric and duodenal ulcer are both peptic ulcers; the difference is that one occurs in the stomach and the other in the first part of the duodenum respectively. a. True b. False 56. The following are common complication of advanced liver cirrhosis except: a. jaundice b. edema c. ascites d. gastritis e. intense itching 57. Most cases of appendicitis occurs because fecal matter obstructs the appendix. As the inflammation worsens the parietal peritoneum becomes inflamed as well. A. True b. False 58. The majority of colorectal cancer appears in the following areas except: a. descending colon b. sigmoid colon c. rectum d. proximal ileum 59. Polyps are outgrowths from the colon mucosa whereas diverticulosis are bulges in the intestinal lining. a. True b. False 60. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder. The damage in the small intestine is the smooth muscle which interferes with absorption. a. True b. False

Explanation / Answer

38. D. HCl, sodium

39. D. a and b

40. C. Insufficient insulin production

41. B. CO2 decreases

42. B. Respiratory alkalosis

43. C. Chemical digestion

44. E. Absorption

45. D. Small intestine

46. B. Liver

47. B. Pharynx and esophagus

48. A. Gastrin

49. D. Gall bladder

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