(c) The figure below represents two presure-volume loops taken from a loop) and

Question

(c) The figure below represents two presure-volume loops taken from a loop) and after they are given a drug (red PV loop). What type of drug would change? Place an X next to your answer from the four options provide below. (0.25 patient when at re st (black PV Alpha-1 Agonist Anti-Muscarinic Beta-1 Agonist Calcium Channel Blocker 120 LV Pressure 80 (mm Hg) 40 20 60 100 140 180 220 LV Volume (ml) (d) Patient 2 is given a cardiovascular drug to counteract a side effect of general anesthesia, which results in the PV loop indicated in red. The PV loop indicated in black was taken prior to the onset of surgery Which cardiovascular parameter was increased as a result of the drug? Place an X next to your answer from the four options provide below. (0.25 pt) Befor Preload Contractility Ejection Fraction Afterloac 120 fter Drug)X LV Pressure 80 (mm Hg) 40 20 60 100 140 180 220

Explanation / Answer

Question c

Answer is Beta- 1 Agonist

The drug produces a positive ionotropic effect that increases stroke volume and decreases the end diastolic volume.

Question d

Answer is Afterload

The more increases in afterload are required to increase the left ventricular pressure to close the aortic valve that results in the increased height of the pressure-volume loop.

Question 5

a) Answer is  D

Here the pressure in the left ventricle falls below the arterial pressure leads to the mitral valve open. also leads to fill ventricles and increases left ventricular volume.

b) Answer is 4 L /min

Cardiac output = Heart rate × Stroke volume

Here the heart rate is 50 beats/min

the stroke volume = End-diastolic volume (EDV) - End-systolic volume(ESV)

= 120 - 40

= 80 ml

So the cardiac output = 50 × 80

= 4000 ml / min

Cardiac output = 4 L/min

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