(c) Describe in words the observations that Galileo made by studying Venus with
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(c) Describe in words the observations that Galileo made by studying Venus with his telescope: What phases did Venus actually go through? (d) Describe in words the explanation of the observations what could Galileo conclude? (e) Galileo also observed that at certain times in the Venus cycle, Venus appeared much larger, and at other times, it appeared much smaller. Galileo attributed this change in apparent diameter to the changing distance between the Earth and Venus. If Ptolemy's geocentric model was correct, would Venus appear to grow larger and smaller in our sky, or would it remain at the same size throughout a cycle? What to do?! You are dressed up in a spacesuit on an EVA outside the space station. A fellow crew member accidentally cuts your life support cable. What can you do? You are floating detached from the space station with little oxygen in your suit. You have a big wrench in your hand. To get back to the space station do you throw the wrench: (a) side ways (b) away from the space station (c) towards the space station (d) at your buddy Choose which option is correct and write an explanation that includes at least one of Newton's Laws of Motion. Phases and Venus Suppose we observe the planet Venus tonight and we see that from our perspective here on Earth Venus is almost full. At the same time, if there was an observer on Venus who could see the Earth with a telescope, what phase would the Earth appear to be in from the Venus observer's perspective? Floating in Space Most people believe that the astronauts float around in the space shuttle because there is no gravity in space, but that's not true! (a) Let's think about the Moon: Describe how the Moon moves over the course of one month. (b) Suppose we magically flipped a switch and turned off all the forces that pull on the Moon. According to Newton's first law how would the Moon move? (c) Assume that the Moon's orbit around the Earth was a perfect circle. Would the moon be accelerating right now? Use a few sentences to explain your answer. (d) A friend of your says, "Wouldn't it be fun to go out into space where there's no gravity?" How would you persuade her that there really is gravity in space? (Please use an example other than the Moon.)Explanation / Answer
(c) The observations that Galileo made by studying Venus were that Venus goes through the same stages that our moon does.
(d) Galileo could conclude that both Venus and the Earth orbit the sun, and that Venus lies closer to the sun than the Earth does.
(e) If Ptolomy's model was correct it would assume Venus to be observed as the same size through its orbit.
4. The answer is B, throw the wrench away from Atlantis because newton’s third law states that to every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, thus if I throw it away from the ship there will be an equal opposite reaction sending me towards the ship.
5. Assuming that Venus appears to follow the same phases of our moon, the Earth would appear to be almost new to an observer on Venus looking at the Earth because the sun would not be able to illuminate the Earth from that particular angle very much, if at all.
6.
a. The moon orbits the Earth over the course of one month, making a complete rotation after about 28 days (about a month)
b. According to Newtons first law, anything that is in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an outside force, thus if all the forces were turned off then the moon would continue to move away from its last location along its orbit along Earth on a tangent line forever out into deep outer space.
c. If the moon were orbiting the Earth in a perfect circle it would not be accelerating because acceleration is described by any change in speed or direction and if the moon was orbiting in a perfect circle there would be no change in direction thus no acceleration.
d.I would use satellites as an example to prove that gravity exists because if there were no gravity the satellites wouldn’t stay in orbit around the Earth and would be lost in space.
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