1.Why is alveolar ventilation a more applicable measure of respiratory efficienc
ID: 3514041 • Letter: 1
Question
1.Why is alveolar ventilation a more applicable measure of respiratory efficiency for gas exchange than total pulmonary ventilation? What is reserve volume and residual volume?
a. Why is it important that we are able to increase ventilation rate from rest?
b. What does the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide approach during a. hyperventilation and b. hypoventilation? Understand why.
c. Why do pulmonary arterioles respond differently to local PCO2 and PO2 than systemic arterioles? Understand how bronchioles, pulmonary arterioles and systemic arterioles will respond to changes in PCO2 or PO2.
Explanation / Answer
1.Alveolar ventilation is more applicable because it provides a highly accurate measure of ventilator efficiency and it considers only the actual volume of air participating in gas exchange.
The extra volume that an individual can inhale or exhale is called reserve volume.
The volume of air remaining in the lungs after the maximum exhalation is called residual volume.
a.As the level of activity increase, breathing rate increases and more oxygen enters into lungs. Due to this lungs can pump more oxygen into blood . By this ventilation rate gets increased.
b. During hyperventilation, there is no change in respiratory activity. There by it doubles the utilization of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide and it results in increased production of partial pressure of carbondioxide .
Hypoventialtion occurs during abnormal elevation of arterial carbondioxide tension.It may lead to hypercapnia with an increased partial pressure of CO2 .
c Increased alveolar air PCO2 dilates bronchioles and dilate systemic arterioles .
Decreased PCO2 constrict bronchioles and constrict systemic arterioles.
Increased PO2 dilated pulmonary arteriole and constrict systemic arterioles.
Decreased PO2 constrict pulmonary arterioles and dilated systemic arterioles.
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