1)Explain the relationship between vessel diameter and resistance to blood flow.
ID: 3509028 • Letter: 1
Question
1)Explain the relationship between vessel diameter and resistance to blood flow. Quantitatively compare resistance and blood flow through two vessels that have diameters of 2 mm and 4 mm.
2)Explain how cardiac muscle relaxes after a heartbeat.
3)Draw a properly labelled graph representing the changes in left ventricular volume over one cardiac cycle starting at the beginning of ventricular systole. On your graph, indicate the periods of diastole and systole for the atria and ventricles and when ventricular filling is passive and active.
4)What is the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and how is it calculated? What are the mean arterial and pulse pressures of an individual with a blood pressure of 115/82? Hypothetically, what would happen to this person’s MAP if they had elevated systemic levels of histamine?
5)What is colloid osmotic pressure () and how does it contribute to net exchange at the capillaries? What type of exchange does the cause?
6)Describe the structure of a red blood cell. How long to they live, how and where are they produced, and what is the major stimulus to increase their production? What is the primary stimulus that drives this process?
7)Outline or diagram the coagulation cascade as if it were initiated by exposure to tissue thromboplastin. What is the positive feedback mechanism that is specific to this cascade?
8)Draw an antibody and label all of its regions and parts. Indicate which regions interact with pathogens and which interacts with cells of the immune system. Explain the role of antibodies in the inactivation of a soluble toxin.
9)Explain any and all interactions between the following: major histocompatibility complexes; foreign antigens; T-cell receptor; helper T-lymphocytes; cytotoxic T-lyphocytes; macrophages; and virally infected cells.
10) In your own words, define active immunity.
Explanation / Answer
1. The 3 main determinants of resistance to blood flow are
According to Poiseuille's Equation,
Resistance of flow is directly proportional to length of the vessel and Viscosity of liquid(blood ) and inversely proportional to the diameter or the radius of the flowing vessel.
Thus if the diameter increases the resistance to blood flowing in it decreases. Hence quantitative comparison of blood flow resistance in two vessels with 4mm and 2mm diameter is that the resistance in 4mm vessel is lower than that in the 2mm vessel.
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.