5. A baby is borm with spina bifda, which is usually located on the lumbar regio

Question

5. A baby is borm with spina bifda, which is usually located on the lumbar region. Explain what happened or didn't happen developmentally. How can spina bifida be prevented? 6. When someone does a caudal anesthesia, what landmarks are used to insert the needle? Name the land- marks and show them on a model. 7. A driver involved in an MVA (motor vehicle accident) fractures his ribs. He experiences a pain that gets stronger about 70 times per minute. How does the rib cage's function contribute to this pain? Using a model, explain why this happens 8. The sternum is one of the locations, that is used for a red bone marrow transplant. What is so special about the sternum's histology that makes it suitable for this procedure? 9. Some photo models undergo a plastic surgery procedure that makes their waist look smaller. During this procedure false ribs are removed from the body. Name the ribs' number and show them on a skeletal model. 10. The normal curves of the spinal column are developed under the force of gravity. The astronauts in the space station may experience pain in their spinal column. What happens to an astronaut's spinal column in space and why might they have pain in the lumbar/sacral parts of the vertebral column? Refer to your knowledge of the spinal column's gross anatomy and functions 11. Two drivers get involved in a MVA. Both wore seat belts; however one drove an older car, which did not have air bags, while the other was driving a car with air bags. Which driver, in your opinion, has a higher risk for a stemum fracture? Show the seat belt position on models and explain your point of view

Explanation / Answer

Myelomeningocele also known as Spinal bifida.New born with spinal bifida, spinal cord is open and cerebral fluid is all in communication with the outside world.The biggest risk at this point is they can get infection like meningitis.Defect can occur anywhere along length of the spine mostly occurs in the lower back.Lesions higher in the spinal column results in more weakness of the trunk and possibly the arms as well as the legs.Since nerves that control the bowel and bladder are located on the lowest part of the spine.The function of these organs will likely be compromised in all clinically significant cases.

The first stages of the developmental defect of Spinal bifida occur in the first two to three weeks after conception before the mother knows she is pregnant .So it can be prevented by taking folic acid at least a month before a women is planning to become pregnant.Great sources of folic acid are fortified cereals,beans and peas,leafy green vegetables like spinach and citrus fruit like grape fruits.

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