5. 6. 7. Distinguish between cortical and juxtamedullary of nephron. Name the TH

Question

5. 6. 7. Distinguish between cortical and juxtamedullary of nephron. Name the THREE (3) general processes involved in the urine formation. Explain briefly about urine formation. Draw the process of urine formation to support your explanation Calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 8. i. If the glomerular capillary pressure is 40mm Hg, the capsule pressure is 10 mm Hg, and the blood colloid osmotic pressure within the glomerulus is 35 mm Hg. i. If the glomerular capillary pressure is 60mm Hg, the capsule pressure is 20 mm Hg, and the blood colloid osmotic pressure within the glomerulus is 20 mm Hg. ili. If the glomerular capillary pressure is 40mm Hg, the capsule pressure is 20 mm Hg and the blood colloid osmotic pressure within the glomerulus is 40 mm Hg.

Explanation / Answer

5) Difference between the cortical and the juxtamedullary nephron:

Cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons are the two types of nephrons found in the kidney of vertebrates.These
nephrons consists of consist of a glomerulus,Bowman’s capsule,proximal convoluted tubule,loop of Henle,distal convoluted tubule, and a collecting duct.

6) Three general processes involved in urine formation:

The kidneys filter unwanted substances from the blood and produce urine to excrete them. There are three main steps of urine formation.The urine formation in the body involves three main processes like the;

These processes ensure that only waste and excess water are removed from the body.Urine is one of the body's waste products. It is primarily composed of water and urea. Urea is a special nitrogenous waste compound that the body must routinely remove.

(i) The Glomerular Filtration involves the walls of glomerular capillaries and Bowman's capsule which are very thin and ‘ semipermeable and they allow water and small molecules in the blood to pass across the capillary wall through tiny spaces between the cells of the Bowman's capsule.

(ii) ) Tubular Reabsorption is a process where the glomerular filtrate passes into the tubule and
flows through it to the collecting duct. During this,its composition, osmotic pressure and pH change due to selective reabsorption of materials.

(iii) Secretion is a process by which the waste is removed from the body.

Cortical nephron Juxtamedullary nephron It is a type of nephron in the kidney which does not penetrate deep into the medulla. The juxtamedullary nephron is another type of nephron which is going deeper into the medulla. The glomerulus is in
the cortex. The glomerulus lies in the border of cortex and medulla. The cortical nephron consists of a short loop of Henle. The juxtamedullary nephron consists of a long loop of Henle. Cortical nephrons have reabsorption and secretion function of substances. Juxtamedullary nephrons have the function of urine concentration.

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