Dual Process Theory: In the checkerboard experiment examining visual attention i

Question

Dual Process Theory: In the checkerboard experiment examining visual attention in human infants, the 4x4 and 12x12 stimuli elicited different behavioral effects. These behaviors are mediated by underlying nervous system processes. Use the graph below to help you fill in the space below asking for either effect or processes. Note, both processes are active in both types of behavioral effects. You need to mention both and determine which one is primarily mediating the effect(s) observed. You can point to specific data points on the graph to help you explain. (2 points for each answer; 8 points total) The 4 X 4 Miml The 12 × 12 sind Trials 4X4 Effect(s): 4X4 Process(es): 12X12 Effect(s) 12X12 Process(es):

Explanation / Answer

4x4 effect in the checkerboard experiment on infants comprised of decrease in visual orientation in infants. It did not create much arousal in children as a result of which habituation occurred.

4x4 processes led to the habituation in infants. Habituation is the primary means of studying the learning process in early years of human life. The looking time associated with novel objects is suggestive of whether or not learning is taking place. It is predicted and eventually was established that the looking time for known/familiar objects tapers off as and when the number of trials are increased. The same happened in case of 4x4 experiment. It led to S-R i.e. stimulus-response system activation amidst the participant infants.

12x12 effects produced greater level of arousal in infants since the response time increased over trials. However, it was ascertained that the processes involved were not strong enough to counteract the habituation processes in infants, which thereby led to an eventual fall of attention after a number of trials, i.e. the visual attention fell. This is called as the sensitization effect.

12x12 processes comprised of enhancement in visual attention due to increased enrichment of visual stimuli. Sensitization process occurred as a result of exposing infants to a larger sized checkerboard. However, like mentioned before, it wasn't strong enough to counteract the opposite effect and led to eventual tapering off of visual stimulation effect.

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