Next to each Name Date Next to each effector, listed to the effector listed to t

Question

Next to each Name Date Next to each effector, listed to the effector listed to the ght, please write its Parasympathetic write its response to SYMPATHETIC stimulation: PARASYMPATHE Eye TIC stimulation:Salivary glands Salinvary glands Lungs Stomach , Adrenal Bladder Bladder Genitals I. Anatomically, the parasympathetic division of the ANS is called the "craniosacral division" while the sympathetic division is called the "thoracolumbar division". Please explain: 2. Functionally, the parasympathetic division of the ANS is called the "resting and digesting division" while the sympathetic division is called the "fight or flight division" Please explain: 3. Most effectors of the ANS receive dual innervation. Please explain what that means: a) Name one effector that does not receive dual innervation: 4. Briefly explain why the sympathetic division has a more widely spread effect whereas the parasympathetic division tends to have a more localized effect:

Explanation / Answer

Ans 1. The parasympathetic division of ANS is called craniosacral division due to its origin from preganglionic nerves from brainstem and sacral spinal cord whereas sympathetic division is called thoracolumbar division due to its origin from thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord.

Ans 2. Parasympathetic nervous system is called rest and digest as it conserves energy by slowing heart rate, increasing intestinal and gland activity and relaxes sphincter muscles of gastrointestinal tract. It maintains the body in a state of equillibrium. The sympatheitic nervous system is called the fight or flight division as it activates the physiological function which is triggered due to biochemical reaction which occurs during the state of intense fear or stress.

Ans 3. Dual innervation means the innervations of the ANS is effected by both the divisions of ANS. It occurs in some organs which is characterised by the prescence of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Dual innervations are responsible for maintaining homeostasis.

Ans 4. Adrenal medulla is one of the effector which does not receive dual innervation. It is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse N
• Subjects

---

---

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.