1)Explain what is meant by kidney cortex and medulla, Bowman’s capsule, glomerul
ID: 3474614 • Letter: 1
Question
1)Explain what is meant by kidney cortex and medulla, Bowman’s capsule, glomerulus, proximal and distal tubule, collecting duct, vasa recta, pertitubular capillaries, and ascending and descending regions of the loop of Henle in relation of the mammalian kidney and what each of these do in water and salt regulation
2)Describe and draw a schematic diagram showing the changes in the composition of the fluid that enters at the glomerulus and goes ultimately to the collecting duct.
3)Explain what a counter current multiplier is and what role it plays in mammalian kidney function
4)Explain what antidiuretic hormone does and the molecular mechanisms by which it acts
5)Explain why it is important for the nephron to reabsorb lots of water in the mammalian kidney
Explanation / Answer
1) The renal cortex is the outermost part of the nephron lying between renal capsule and renal medulla. The renal medulla is the innermost part of the kidney.
Nephron is the structural and functional unit of kidney. Each beohron consists of tuft of capillaries (affarent and effarent arteriole) which together constitutes the glomerulus. Bowman capsule is the bowl shaped which encloses the tuft of capillaries. Nephron also consists of renal tubules which include proximal convoluted tubule, Henles loop, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
The formation of urine occurs by three processed: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. Glomerular filteration takes place in glomerulus. Water and salts present in the plasma are filtered at the level of glomerulus. Most of these get reabsorbed by tubular reabsorption which occurs in renal tubules especially in proximal and distal convoluted tubule as well as Henle's loop. Reabsorption of water is mediated by antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted by the pituitary gland. The salt reabsorption is maintained through the hormone aldosterone secreted by adrenal cortex.
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